Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
what is an antibody
immunoglobulins – variable region is continuously altered to detect pathogenic antigens
what is an antigen
anything that induces an immune response – foreign substance that enters your body
what is an epitope
the specific part of the antigen that the immune system recognizes - binds to the antibody to produce an immune resposne
why are B and T cells called lymph cells?
they are lymphocytes which are mostly found in the lymph nodes
why do lymph nodes swell when someone has an infection?
CD4 T helper cells are cloning to make more of itself
what is the difference between MHC 1 and MHC 2
MHC 1 is present on all nucleated cells
MHC 2 is present on all antigen-presenting cells
why are MHC 1 and MHC 2 molecules associated with organ transplant rejection?
non-compatible donor vs recipient
what is another name for CD4 cells?
T helper cells
what is another name for CD8 cells?
cytotoxic T cells
which cells associate with MHC 2?
CD4 T helper cells
which cells associate with MHC 1?
CD8 cytotoxic T cells
where are CD4 cells found and what is their purpose?
found in the lymph nodes, they are presented a piece of the MHC 2 and send a signal to destroy that cell
where are CD8 cells found and what is their purpose?
found in the blood stream, and they are activated by a cell that has an MHC 1 they don’t recognize as self. They then destroy that cell
how are antibodies produced?
- antigens are recognized on the invader cell
- B cells are activated when it recognizes an antigen and produces antibodies against it
–marks the invader and allows other immune cells to come and destroy it
how do vaccines cause the production of antibodies?
vaccines are a small amount of a live infection, so B cells bind and form antibodies against it
