Cardiovascular Pressure Control System

Question 1

if a persons body attempts to maintain a constant arterial pressure but total peripheral pressure increases, what happens to cardiac output?

Answer 1

decreases, less compliant vessels

Question 2

if cardiac output remains the same, but total peripheral resistance decreases, what happens to blood pressure?

Answer 2

decreases

Question 3

a patient experiences septic shock which causes their blood vessels dilate. what effect does this have on total peripheral resistance? blood pressure? what is the benefit of providing IV fluids?

Answer 3

1. decreases
2. decreases
3. increases BP by increasing preload volume

Question 4

what is the renin angiotensin aldosterone mechanism (RAA)?

Answer 4

1. decreased BP signals kidney to release renin
2. signals liver to release angiotensinogen
3. angiotensinogen converted to angiotensin I with renin
4. ACE converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II
5. angiotensin II vasoconstricts and signals adrenal cortex to release aldosterone (increase BP)

Question 5

what are the downstream effects of blocking ACE?

Answer 5

decrease BP by decreasing angiotensin II

Question 6

what are the effects of increased aldosterone?

Answer 6

increases Na+ reabsorption which increases fluid reabsorption which increases BP

Question 7

what are the 2 main effects of ADH?

Answer 7

1. vasoconstriction
2. increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidneys

Question 8

what effect does ADH have on blood pressure and urine output?

Answer 8

increase blood pressure and decrease water excretion

Question 9

from where is ANP released from?

Answer 9

cardiac cells when BP increases

Question 10

what is the main effect of ANP?

Answer 10

decreases BP by increasing Na+ and water excretion

Question 11

what happens to fluid movement in capillaries and interstitial tissues when capillary hydrostatic pressure changes?

Answer 11

increased hydrostatic pressure will increase fluid movement out of the capillary

Question 12

what happens to fluid movement in capillaries and interstitial tissues when interstitial hydrostatic pressure changes?

Answer 12

increased interstitial hydrostatic pressure will decrease the fluid movement from the capillaries

Question 13

what happens to fluid movement in capillaries and interstitial tissues when capillary oncotic pressure changes?

Answer 13

increased capillary oncotic pressure will increase fluid movement back into the capillary

Question 14

what happens to fluid movement in capillaries and interstitial tissues when interstitial oncotic pressure changes?

Answer 14

increased interstitial oncotic pressure will decrease fluid movement back into the capillaries – edema