Pulmonary System Flashcards
Nasal Cavity Function
Filters, warms, and moistens air; transports air to pharynx
oral cavity function
transport air to pharynx; warms and moistens air; helps produce sound
sinuses function
produces mucus; warm and moisten air
pharynx function
transports air to larynx
epiglottis function
covers opening of trachea during swallowing
larynx function
produces sounds; transports air to trachea; helps filter incoming air; warms and moistens air
trachea/bronchi
warm and moisten air; transport air to lungs; filter incoming air
bronchioles function
control air flow in the lungs; transport air to alveoli
alveoli
provide area for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; irreversible progressive tissue degeneration and airway obstruction; elasticity loss in alveoli
2 main conditions of COPD
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema
chronic bronchitis
productive cough lasting at least 3 months recurring at least 2 consecutive years
chronic bronchitis symptoms
inflammation of bronchi, productive cough, excess mucus, fever, chest pain, malaise, wheezing, frequent respiratory infections, hypoxemia (polycythemia)
chronic bronchitis diagnosis
cough for 3 months for last 2 years; P.E., X-ray (PA and lateral), PFT, ABG, CBC
Emphysema
alveoli (air sacs) are damaged causing SOB; cant exchange gas appropriately
emphysema symptoms
oxygen driven breathing, permanently inflated alveoli, dyspnea upon exertion, wheezing, tachypnea, activity intolerance, malaise, anorexia, diminished breath sounds, increased AP diameter
emphysema diagnosis
cough for 3 months for last 2 years; P.E., X-ray (PA and lateral), PFT, ABG, CBC
asthma
obstructive pulmonary disease with chronic airway inflammation resulting in intermittent, reversible airway obstruction from triggers
types of asthma
extrinsic, intrinsic, nocturnal, exercise-induced, occupational, drug-induced
stages of asthmas attack
stage 1 (15-30 min) bronchospasms and coughing (inflammatory mediators involved leukotrienes, histamine, interleukins; stage 2 (within 6 hours) airway edema, mucus production, air trapping, bronchospasm, smooth muscle contraction, inflammation all cause narrowing of airway; status asthmaticus
status asthmaticus
often fatal, prolonged asthma attach that does not respond to usual treatment; can lead to resp. alkalosis and failure