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integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

integumentary system consists of

A

skin, nails, hair, mucous membranes, glands

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2
Q

functions of the integumentary system

A

protects body from pathogen invasions, regulates temperature, senses environmental changes, maintains water balance

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3
Q

sebaceous glands

A

produce sebum to moisturize and protect skin

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4
Q

2 types of sweat glands

A

eccrine and apocrine

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5
Q

eccrine sweat glands

A

secrete through skin pores in response to sympathetic nervous system

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6
Q

apocrine sweat glands

A

open into hair follicles in the axillae, scalp, face, and external genitalia

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7
Q

hemangioma

A

bright red patch of extra blood vessels on skin; referred to as strawberries

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8
Q

macular stains

A

most common type of vascular birthmark; faint red marks; called “salmon patches” “ angel kisses” “stork bites”

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9
Q

port-wine stains

A

discolorations that look like wine was spilled on the skin; most common on the face, neck, arms, legs

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10
Q

pigmented birthmarks

A

cluster of pigment cells

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11
Q

cafe au lait spots

A

very common and are the color of coffee with milk; one spot is not a concern but multiple can be neurofibromatosis

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12
Q

dermal melanocytosis

A

mongolian spots; flat bluish-gray patches often found on lower back or buttocks

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13
Q

mole

A

also referred to as congenital nevi or hairy nevi; can be brown, tan, black, flat, raised, may grow hair; should be monitored for cancerous change

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14
Q

albinisms

A

recessive condition in which little or no melanin is produces

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15
Q

waardenburg syndrome

A

often lock of hair that grows on forehead is affected or there is no coloring in one or both irises

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16
Q

vitiligo

A

rare condition in which small patchy areas of hypopigmentation

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17
Q

as you age your skin

A

loses elasticity, decrease in sensory functions, becomes thinner

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18
Q

contact dermatitis

A

acute inflammatory reaction triggered by direct exposure to an irritant or allergen; 3 types

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19
Q

irritant contact dermatitis

A

does not involve immune system but triggers inflammatory response; produce similar reaction to a burn; produces erythema/edema/pain/pruritus/vesicles

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20
Q

allergen contact dermatitis

A

sensitization occurs on first exposure and subsequent exposures produce type IV-mediated hypersensitivity; symptoms produced 24-48 hours after exposure and consist of pruritus/erythema/edema/small vesicles

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21
Q

atopic dermatitis

A

eczema; chronic inflammatory condition; may be from immune system malfunction

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22
Q

urticaria

A

raised erythematous skin lesions; result of type-1 hypersensitivity reaction triggered by food and medicine; occurs when histamine is released

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23
Q

psoriasis

A

chronic inflammatory condition that affects skin life cycle (kerinatocytes specifically); increase in cell proliferation causing build up on skin surface

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24
Q

types of bacterial skin infections

A

folliculitis, furuncles, impetigo, cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis

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25
common bacterial culprits in infections
staphylococcus and streptococcus
26
types of viral skin infections
herpes simplex I, herpes zoster, verrucae, molluscum contagiosum
27
types of parasitic skin infections
tinea, scabies, pediculosis
28
first-degree burn
affects only the epidermis ad cause pain/erythema/edema
29
second-degree burn
affects epidermis and dermis and causes pain/erythema/edemablistering
30
third-degree burn
extend into deeper tissues and cause white or blackened charred skin that may be numb
31
basal cell carcinoma
abnormal growth of skin cells; most frequently occurring cancer in US; develops from cells in lowest layer of epidermis and rarely metastasizes
32
squamous cell carcinoma
involves changes in squamous cells found in middle layer of epidermis
33
melanoma
develops in melanocytes; least common type but the most serious; often metastasizes to other areas
34
trichotillomania
mental health disorder characterized by person repeatedly pulling their hair out
35
2 types of pain
somatic pain: stimuli to skin, joints, muscles, tendons and is easy to pinpoint location visceral pain: stimuli to organs, usually vague and diffuse, may be sensed on surfaces distant from originating organ (referred pain)
36
phantom pain
exists after removal of body part; severed neurons may result in spontaneous firing of spinal cord neurons
37
intractable pain
chronically progressing pain that is unrelenting and severely debilitating; does not respond well to pharmacological treatment; common with severe injuries like crushing injuries
38
neuropathic pain
results from damage to peripheral nerves by disease or injury; chronic and intractable
39
congenital cataracts
clouding of the lens that is present at birth causing hazy vision
40
presbycusis
age-related hearing loss
41
conjuctivitis
infection or inflammation of the conjuctiva cause by viruses (most common), bacteria, allergens, chemicals, trauma; causes edema, pain, blurry vision, photophobia
42
viral conjuctivitis produces
watery or mucus-like exudate
43
bacterial conjuctivitis produces
yellow-green exudate
44
keratitis
inflammation of the cornea triggered by viral infection or trauma
45
acute otitis media
infectious and inflammatory sensory disorders in the ears result from variety of pathogens; infection or inflammation of the middle ear
46
otitis externa
infection or inflammation of external ear canal or auricle usually bacterial but can be fungal
47
eye trauma
varies in severity from mild to sight threatening; vision deficits often occur
48
ear trauma
can result in permanent hearing deficits
49
glaucoma
group of eye conditions that lead to damage of the optic nerve; caused by intraocular pressure and decreased blood flow to optic nerve
50
open-angle glaucoma
most common type of glaucoma where intraocular pressure may increase gradually over extended period
51
closed-angle glaucoma
closed-angle glaucoma is result of sudden blockage of aqueous humor outflow
52
congenital glaucoma
present at birth due to abnormal development of outflow channels of the eye; X-linked and recessive
53
secondary glaucoma
result of certain medications, eye diseases, systemic diseases, and trauma
54
cataracts
opacity or clouding of lens
55
macular degeneration
deterioration of the macular area of the retina
56
dry macular degeneration
blood vessels under macula become thin and brittle; small yellow deposits form under macula
57
wet macular degenration
brittle vessels break down and new fragile vessels grow under macula; vessels leak blood and fluid leading to macula damage
58
otosclerosis
abnormal bone growth in middle ear which prevents ear structures from vibrating in response to sound waves; conductive hearing loss progressively worsens
59
meniere's disease
disorder of the ear resulting from endolymph swelling; swelling stretches membranes and interferes with hair receptors in cochlea and vestibule
60
strabismus
gaze deviation of one eye; results in diplopia
61
amblyopia
loss of one's ability to see details; brain and eyes do not work together properly and brain favors one eye
62
retinal detachment
acute condition where retina detaches from supporting structures; retina becomes ischemic and stops functioning
63
tinnitus
abnormal noises heard in the ear i.e. buzzing, humming, whistling, ringing, roaring, blowing
64
vertigo
illusion of motion but not the same as dizziness

Pathophysiology (11 decks)

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