Pulmonary Medical Considerations COPY Flashcards
Bronchoscopy
- What is it = ?
- Indications = ?
- Considerations = ?
Bronchoscopy: A procedure that allows a pulmonologist to look at your lung and air passages
Indications:
- Hemoptysis, tumor, bronchial obstruction, atelectasis, localized wheezing
Considerations:
- Tired for 1-2 days, dry/sore throat, hoarse voice
What is pleuroscopy and its indications?
Pleuroscopy: Examination of the lung surfaces, pleura, and pleural space using a small video camera inserted between the ribs into the pleural space
Conditions: pleural conditions, pneumothorax, cancer
Considerations: Gait belt placement, shortness of breath with activity
What is a thoracentesis and when is it used?
A thoracentesis is an invasive procedure where a needle is inserted into the pleural space to remove fluid, often used for pleural effusion caused by CHF, infections, or cancer.
What is a Ventilation-Perfusion (VQ) scan used for?
A VQ scan uses radioactive material to assess airflow and blood flow in the lungs, primarily used to diagnose pulmonary embolism (PE).
What are the key measurements from an arterial blood gas (ABG) test?
ABGs evaluate acid-base status (pH), ventilation (PaCO2), and oxygenation (PaO2).
What is a bullectomy and when is it indicated?
A bullectomy is a surgical procedure to remove bullae (large air sacs) caused by emphysema, improving breathing and lung function.
What is a lobectomy and its common indications?
A lobectomy is the removal of a diseased lobe of the lung, often due to conditions like tuberculosis, lung cancer, or abscesses.
What is lung volume reduction surgery and its purpose?
Lung volume reduction surgery removes damaged lung tissue to create space for healthier tissue, often performed for end-stage emphysema.
What is mechanical ventilation used for?
Mechanical ventilation supports breathing by delivering oxygen and maintaining positive pressure in the lungs, commonly used when patients cannot breathe independently.
What is the difference between a thoracotomy and a tracheostomy?
A thoracotomy is a surgical procedure to visualize the pleural space, while a tracheostomy creates an airway directly into the trachea for prolonged ventilation.
What are the considerations for airway suctioning in pulmonary patients?
Airway suctioning is used to remove secretions when patients cannot clear them on their own. PTs should be cautious of bradycardia, hypoxia, and mucosal trauma during suctioning.
What are the symptoms of pulmonary hypertension (PH)?
Dyspnea on exertion (DOE), fatigue, syncope, dizziness, chest pain, abnormal pulse oximetry, and peripheral edema.
How is pulmonary hypertension diagnosed?
Pulmonary hypertension is diagnosed via right heart catheterization or echocardiogram, often supported by clinical signs of exercise intolerance.
What medical procedures are available for end-stage pulmonary conditions?
Procedures include lung transplants (for conditions like cystic fibrosis or COPD) and lung volume reduction surgery (for emphysema).
What are common risks and precautions for pulmonary surgeries like lobectomy and bullectomy?
Risks include infection, pneumothorax, bleeding, and pleural effusion. PTs should monitor chest tubes and encourage deep breathing and early ambulation.
