Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DPT 760 - Cardiopulmonary I > Cardiac Muscle Dysfunction and Congestive Heart Failure > Flashcards

Cardiac Muscle Dysfunction and Congestive Heart Failure Flashcards

1
Q

What is Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)?

A

A condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the differences between right-sided and left-sided heart failure?

A
  • Right-sided: fluid backs up into the system (legs, liver).
  • Left-sided: fluid backs up into the lungs.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are general symptoms of CHF?

A
  • fluid retention,
  • pulmonary congestion,
  • shortness of breath
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Cardiac Muscle Dysfunction (CMD)?

A

A condition where damage to the cardiac muscle leads to heart failure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the causes of CMD?

A
  • hypertension
  • CAD (MI),
  • cardiomyopathy,
  • renal insufficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the symptoms of CMD?

A
  • fluid overload,
  • ventricular dysfunction,
  • dyspnea
  • fatigue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What causes CMD due to hypertension?

A

Increased systemic arterial pressure leads to left ventricular hypertrophy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is CMD due to CAD (MI)?

A

Injury results in dysfunction of the left or right ventricle, potentially leading to scarring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is CMD due to cardiac arrhythmias?

A

Abnormal rhythms impair the ventricles’ ability to function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are cardiac arrhythmias managed?

A

Usually managed with medications.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are heart valve abnormalities?

A

Blocked or incompetent valves cause the heart to contract more forcefully, leading to myocardial hypertrophy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is CMD due to renal insufficiency?

A

Fluid overload due to impaired kidney function leads to CMD and heart failure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is CMD due to a pulmonary embolism?

A

Increased pulmonary artery pressures lead to increased right ventricular work.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is CMD due to pulmonary hypertension?

A

High pressure in the pulmonary arteries increases right ventricular work.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the types of cardiomyopathy?

A
  • dilated
  • hypertrophic
  • restrictive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Ventricular dilation leads to impaired systolic function and a decrease in ejection fraction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Dyspnea, fatigue, pulmonary congestion, palpitations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

A condition where the heart’s left ventricle is hypercontractile and leads to high ejection fraction.

19
Q

What is restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A

The heart muscle becomes stiff, resulting in poor filling during diastole.

20
Q

What is left-sided heart failure?

A

The left ventricle cannot pump enough blood, leading to fluid accumulation in the lungs.

21
Q

What is right-sided heart failure?

A

The right ventricle is too weak to pump blood to the lungs, leading to systemic fluid buildup.

22
Q

What is biventricular heart failure?

A

Both sides of the heart fail, leading to symptoms from both left and right-sided heart failure.

23
Q

What are the signs of CHF?

A

Tachypnea, dyspnea on exertion, crackles, S3 heart sound, orthopnea.

24
Q

What is systolic heart failure?

A

The heart’s contractile function is reduced, causing reduced cardiac output and ejection fraction.

25
Q

What is diastolic heart failure?

A

The ventricles cannot fill enough, but the heart still pumps out a normal amount of blood (preserved ejection fraction).

26
Q

What is the Frank-Starling mechanism?

A

Stroke volume is dependent on cardiac muscle fiber length and myocardial contractility.

27
Q

What happens during the first compensatory phase in CHF?

A

Fluid accumulates in the lungs, causing pulmonary congestion.

28
Q

What happens during the second compensatory phase in CHF?

A

SNS activation increases heart rate and contractility to improve cardiac output.

29
Q

What happens during the third compensatory phase in CHF?

A

Decreased blood flow to the kidneys activates the RAA system, leading to edema.

30
Q

What diagnostic tools are used for heart failure?

A

Echocardiogram, BNP levels, and assessment of ejection fraction.

31
Q

What is the medical management of heart failure?

A
  • controlling sodium intake
  • medications
  • physical activity
  • fluid management
32
Q

What is a ventricular assist device (VAD)?

A

A mechanical pump used to support heart function in people waiting for a heart transplant.

33
Q

What is the PT’s role in heart transplant care?

A

Post-op mobilization, sternal precautions, and following surgical protocols.

34
Q

What are common medications for CHF?

A

ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, diuretics, and inotropic agents.

35
Q

How do ACE inhibitors work?

A

They block the formation of angiotensin II, reducing vasoconstriction.

36
Q

What is digoxin?

A

A positive inotropic agent used to increase the force of heart contraction.

37
Q

What is the role of diuretics in heart failure management?

A

They reduce fluid volume and preload by acting on the kidneys.

38
Q

What is the importance of the 6-minute walk test (6MWT)?

A

It assesses functional status, exercise tolerance, and survival in heart failure patients.

39
Q

What are PT interventions for CHF?

A

Breathing exercises (IMT, diaphragmatic breathing), aerobic training, and strengthening.

40
Q

What are the signs of CHF exacerbation?

A

Increased dyspnea, weight gain, chest pain, and fluid retention.

41
Q

What are the stages of CHF?

A
  • Stage 1: fully functioning.
  • Stage 2: slight limitation
  • Stage 3: marked limitation
  • Stage 4: waiting for transplant
42
Q

What is the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire?

A

A tool used to evaluate the quality of life in patients with heart failure.

43
Q

What is inspiratory muscle training (IMT)?

A

A PT intervention to strengthen the diaphragm and improve breathing in CHF patients.

44
Q

What are the key PT outcomes to monitor in CHF patients?

A

Exercise tolerance, breathing patterns, and oxygen consumption.

DPT 760 - Cardiopulmonary I (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions