Pulmonary Infections Flashcards
Which organisms cause an elevated CRP and Procalcitonin during pneumonia?
Bacterial
Which bacteria is the most common cause of CA acute pneumonia?
S. Pneumoniae
Gram + lancet-shaped diplococci
S. Pneumoniae
Pleomorphic, gram - bacteria
H. Influenzae
Which bacteria is the most common cause of acute exacerbation of COPD?
H. Influenzae
Which bacteria causes an emergent pediatric pneumonia?
H. Influenae
Which bacteria is the most common cause of pneumonia in the elderly?
M. Catarrhalis
Which bacteria causes pneumonia and is associate with skin lesions and IV drugs users?
S. Aureus
Which gram - bacteria is a frequent cause of pneumonia in alcoholics and creates a thick, mucoid, blood-tinged sputum?
K. Pneumoniae
Which bacteria causes pneumonia and has a grape-like odor and is associated with CF and immunosuppressed pts?
Aspergillus
Which 3 organisms are associated with CF?
Aspergillus
S. Aureus
H. Influenzae
Which bacteria is found in artificial aquatic environments?
Legionella Pneumophilia
Which bacteria mostly affects organ transplant recipients?
Legionella Pneumophilia
Which bacteria is common among children/young adults in schools, military camps, and prisons?
M. Pneumoneiae
Which bacteria is associated with abscess formation from pneumonia?
K. Pneumoniae
Which viruses are the most common causes of CA pneumonia?
Influenzae RSV Huma M etapneumovirus Adenovirus Rhinovirus Rubeola Varicella viruses
Which Influenza virus type has Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase as virulence factors?
Type A
What does Hemagglutinin do?
Attaches virus to target cell via sialic acid
What does Neuraminidase do?
Cleaves sialic acid releasing new virion
In relation to Influenza, what is antigenic drift?
Alteration of epitopes on viral H and N proteins
In relation to Influenza, what is antigenic shift?
H and N genes replaced by recombination versions from other animals
What causes epidemics and pandemics? Shift or Drift?
Epidemics = antigenic drift Pandemics = antigenic shift
What are the most common organisms to cause Health care associated pneumonia?
MRSA
P. Aeruginosa
What are the most common organisms to cause Hospital acquired pneumonia?
S. Aureus, S. Pneumonia (gram +)
P. Aeruginosa, Enterobactericae (gram -)
What are the most common organisms to cause lung abscesses?
S. Aureus
Streptococci
H. Influenzae
What are the major Sx’s seen with lung abscesses?
Cough, Fever
Foul-smelling sputum
Weight loss
Clubbing of fingers/toes
What are the most common fungi to cause chronic pneumonia?
Histoplasmosis
Blastomycosis
Coccidioicomycosis
Which fungus is found along the Ohio river valley and creates coin lesions on CXR?
Histoplasmosis
Which fungus is found in the SE U.S. and Mexico and is characterized as “broad based buds?”
Blastomycosis
Which lobes is Blastomycosis mostly found in?
Upper lobes
Which fungus is found in the SW U.S. and has thick-walled, non-budding spherules filled with small endospores in macrophages?
Coccidioidomycosis
Which bacteria most commonly affect immunocompromised pts?
P. Aeruginosa
Mycobaterium
L. Pneumophilia
L. Monocytogenes
Which viruses most commonly affect immunocompromised pts?
CMV
Herpesvirus
Which fungi most commonly affect immunocompromised pts?
P. Jiroveci
Candida
Aspergillus
C. Neoformans
Which organisms cause pneumonia in HIV pts with a CD4 count > 200?
TB and other bacteria
What stains are used for TB?
Ziehl-Neelson
Kinyon
Which organism causes pneumonia in HIV pts with a CD4 coung < 200?
P. Pneumoniae
Which organisms cause pneumonia in HIV pts with a CD4 count < 50?
CMV
Fungi
M. Avium
