Pulmonary Infections

Question 1

Which organisms cause an elevated CRP and Procalcitonin during pneumonia?

Answer 1

Bacterial

Question 2

Which bacteria is the most common cause of CA acute pneumonia?

Answer 2

S. Pneumoniae

Question 3

Gram + lancet-shaped diplococci

Answer 3

S. Pneumoniae

Question 4

Pleomorphic, gram - bacteria

Answer 4

H. Influenzae

Question 5

Which bacteria is the most common cause of acute exacerbation of COPD?

Answer 5

H. Influenzae

Question 6

Which bacteria causes an emergent pediatric pneumonia?

Answer 6

H. Influenae

Question 7

Which bacteria is the most common cause of pneumonia in the elderly?

Answer 7

M. Catarrhalis

Question 8

Which bacteria causes pneumonia and is associate with skin lesions and IV drugs users?

Answer 8

S. Aureus

Question 9

Which gram - bacteria is a frequent cause of pneumonia in alcoholics and creates a thick, mucoid, blood-tinged sputum?

Answer 9

K. Pneumoniae

Question 10

Which bacteria causes pneumonia and has a grape-like odor and is associated with CF and immunosuppressed pts?

Answer 10

Aspergillus

Question 11

Which 3 organisms are associated with CF?

Answer 11

Aspergillus
S. Aureus
H. Influenzae

Question 12

Which bacteria is found in artificial aquatic environments?

Answer 12

Legionella Pneumophilia

Question 13

Which bacteria mostly affects organ transplant recipients?

Answer 13

Legionella Pneumophilia

Question 14

Which bacteria is common among children/young adults in schools, military camps, and prisons?

Answer 14

M. Pneumoneiae

Question 15

Which bacteria is associated with abscess formation from pneumonia?

Answer 15

K. Pneumoniae

Question 16

Which viruses are the most common causes of CA pneumonia?

Answer 16

Influenzae
RSV
Huma M etapneumovirus
Adenovirus
Rhinovirus
Rubeola
Varicella viruses

Question 17

Which Influenza virus type has Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase as virulence factors?

Answer 17

Type A

Question 18

What does Hemagglutinin do?

Answer 18

Attaches virus to target cell via sialic acid

Question 19

What does Neuraminidase do?

Answer 19

Cleaves sialic acid releasing new virion

Question 20

In relation to Influenza, what is antigenic drift?

Answer 20

Alteration of epitopes on viral H and N proteins

Question 21

In relation to Influenza, what is antigenic shift?

Answer 21

H and N genes replaced by recombination versions from other animals

Question 22

What causes epidemics and pandemics? Shift or Drift?

Answer 22

Epidemics = antigenic drift
Pandemics = antigenic shift

Question 23

What are the most common organisms to cause Health care associated pneumonia?

Answer 23

MRSA

P. Aeruginosa

Question 24

What are the most common organisms to cause Hospital acquired pneumonia?

Answer 24

S. Aureus, S. Pneumonia (gram +)

P. Aeruginosa, Enterobactericae (gram -)

Question 25

What are the most common organisms to cause lung abscesses?

Answer 25

S. Aureus Streptococci H. Influenzae

Question 26

What are the major Sx's seen with lung abscesses?

Answer 26

Cough, Fever Foul-smelling sputum Weight loss Clubbing of fingers/toes

Question 27

What are the most common fungi to cause chronic pneumonia?

Answer 27

Histoplasmosis Blastomycosis Coccidioicomycosis

Question 28

Which fungus is found along the Ohio river valley and creates coin lesions on CXR?

Answer 28

Histoplasmosis

Question 29

Which fungus is found in the SE U.S. and Mexico and is characterized as "broad based buds?"

Answer 29

Blastomycosis

Question 30

Which lobes is Blastomycosis mostly found in?

Answer 30

Upper lobes

Question 31

Which fungus is found in the SW U.S. and has thick-walled, non-budding spherules filled with small endospores in macrophages?

Answer 31

Coccidioidomycosis

Question 32

Which bacteria most commonly affect immunocompromised pts?

Answer 32

P. Aeruginosa Mycobaterium L. Pneumophilia L. Monocytogenes

Question 33

Which viruses most commonly affect immunocompromised pts?

Answer 33

CMV | Herpesvirus

Question 34

Which fungi most commonly affect immunocompromised pts?

Answer 34

P. Jiroveci Candida Aspergillus C. Neoformans

Question 35

Which organisms cause pneumonia in HIV pts with a CD4 count > 200?

Answer 35

TB and other bacteria

Question 36

What stains are used for TB?

Answer 36

Ziehl-Neelson | Kinyon

Question 37

Which organism causes pneumonia in HIV pts with a CD4 coung < 200?

Answer 37

P. Pneumoniae

Question 38

Which organisms cause pneumonia in HIV pts with a CD4 count < 50?

Answer 38

CMV Fungi M. Avium