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Zak, RSM > Ch 16 > Flashcards

Ch 16 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most common organisms causing rhinitis?

A

Adenovirus
Rhinovirus
Echovirus

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2
Q

What are the major nasal findings in rhinitis?

A

Thickened, edematous, red nasal mucosa

Enlarged turbinates

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3
Q

What separates allergic rhinitis from infectious rhinitis?

A

Presence of eosinophilia

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4
Q

Recurrent attacks of rhinitis can cause ___?

A

Nasal polyps

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5
Q

Histology = edematous mucosa with loose stroma containing hyperplastic/cystic mucosal glands

A

Nasal polyp

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6
Q

If a child has a nasal polyp, what congenital disease should you think of?

A

Cystic Fibrosis

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7
Q

Histology = superficial desquamation/ulceration of mucosal epithelium with abundance of neutrophils

A

Chronic rhinitis

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8
Q

What are the most common offending agents of sinusitis?

A

Inhabitants of the oral cavity

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9
Q

What pathology is caused by impaired drainage of a sinus by inflammation?

A

Sinusitis

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10
Q

If the blockage of a sinus is complete, not allowing the exudate to escape, what can form?

A

Empyema

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11
Q

Chronic sinusitis associate with DM is most often caused by what organism?

A

Mucormycosis

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12
Q

Which organisms are most likely to cause necrotizing lesions of the nose and upper airway?

A

Candida, Mucor, Aspergillus

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13
Q

What type of pts are most at risk for necrotizing lesions of the nose and upper airway?

A

Immunosupressed with DM

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14
Q

What disease is associated with a presentation of non-healing ulcers around the nasopharynx?

A

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

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15
Q

Which Ab is found in Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis?

A

PR3-ANCA

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16
Q

What is the triad of Sx’s for Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis?

A

Necrotizing granulomas of URT/LRT, vessels, and glomerulus

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17
Q

What are the most common organisms to cause pharyngitis or laryngitis?

A

Adenovirus, Rhinovirus, Echovirus

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18
Q

Sx’s = reddening/edema of nasopharyngeal mucosa with enlargement of tonsils and LN’s

A

Pharyngitis/Laryngitis

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19
Q

If a bacterial infection is superimposed on pharyngitis/laryngitis, what are the most common type?

A

ß-hemolytic strep

S. Aureus

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20
Q

Benign, vascular tumor seen in adolescent males with fair skin and red hair

A

Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma

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21
Q

What cancer is associated with FAP?

A

Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma

22
Q

Where do Nasopharyngeal Angiofibromas arise?

A

Roof of nasal cavity

23
Q

Benign tumor from respiratory mucosa lining the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

A

Sinonasal Papilloma

24
Q

Which type of Sinonasal Papilloma is most aggressive and arises in men 30-60 yo

A

Endophytic/Inverted

25
Q

What is a potential complication of Sinonasal Papilloma’s?

A

Invasion into the orbit or cranial vault

26
Q

Tumor arising from neuroectodermal olfactory cells in the superior aspect of the nasal cavity

A

Olfactory Neuroblastoma

27
Q

Pts present with nasal obstruction and epistaxis around 15 or 50 yo

A

Olfactory Neuroblastoma

28
Q

Histology = small, blue, round cell neoplasms made of nests/lobules of well-circumscribed cells separated by fibrovascular stroma

A

Olfactory Neuroblastoma

29
Q

Olfactory Neuroblastomas will stain + for ___?

A

Chromogranin, Synaptophysin, CD56

30
Q

Tumor that may occur in nasopharynx, salivary glands, or other midline structures due to creation of BRD4-NUT fusion gene

A

NUT Midline Carcinoma

31
Q

Tumor associated with lymphoid tissue or EBV with nasal obstruction, epistaxis, metastases to cervical LNs

A

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

32
Q

In what populations are Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas most common?

A 
Africa = children
China = adults
33
Q

Histology = epithelial cells with oval/round nuclei and indistinct cell borders creating syncytium-like array

A

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

34
Q

EBER-1 and LMP-1 detected

A

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

35
Q

What are the most common organisms responsible for laryngeal inflammation in children?

A

RSV, H. Influenzae, ß-hemolytic strep

36
Q

Where do vocal cord nodules appear?

A

Singers nodules = bilateral

Polyps = unilateral

37
Q

If you see peritonsilar abscesses, what organism should you think?

A

Strep

38
Q

Sx = change of voice and progressive hoarseness

A

Reactive nodules

39
Q

Smooth, raspberry-like proliferations on the true vocal cords

A

Squamous papilloma

40
Q

Recurring papillomas in adulthood are often due to ___?

A

HPV type 6 and 11

41
Q

What type of cancer makes up over 95% of laryngeal cancers?

A

SCC

42
Q

Histology = pearly gray, wrinkled plaques on mucosal surface that ulcerate and fungate

A

Carcinoma of the larynx (SCC)

43
Q

What is the common presentation, age, and sex for Carcinoma of the larynx (SCC)?

A

Sx = hoarseness, dysphagia, dysphonia

men, > 60 yo

44
Q

If smoking ceases prior to dysplasia of the epithelium in the larynx, what happens?

A

Regression occurs

45
Q

What are the most common bacteria causing ear infections?

A

S. Pneumoniae, Non-typeable H. Influenzae, M. Catarrhalis

46
Q

What are the most common causes of chronic otitis?

A

Pseudomonas, S. Aureus, Fungi

47
Q

What organisms cause Bullous Myringitis?

A

S. Pneumoniae, M. Pneumoniae

48
Q

Histology = Non-neoplastic cystic lesion lined by keratinizing squamous epithelium and filled with amorphous debris

A

Cholesteatoma

49
Q

What are Cholesteatomas associated with?

A

Otitis media

Invasion into adjacent structures

50
Q

Carcinomas of the ear occur in what population and because of what?

A

Elderly men

Sun exposure

51
Q

Suppurative destruction of the lung parenchyma with a central area of cavitation

A

Lung abscess

Zak, RSM (14 decks)

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