Atelectasis, Edema, ARDS

Question 1

Lung collapse due to complete obstruction of an airway causing alveoli to collapse

Answer 1

Resorption atelectasis

Question 2

Which direction does the mediastinum shift in Resorption atelectasis?

Answer 2

Toward the affected lung

Question 3

Lung collapse due to fluid, air, or a tumor in the pleural cavity

Answer 3

Compression atelectasis

Question 4

Which direction does the mediastinum shift in Compression atelectasis?

Answer 4

Away from the affected lung

Question 5

Lung collapse due to focal or generalized pulmonary/pleural fibrosis preventing full expansion of the lung

Answer 5

Contraction atelectasis

Question 6

Which form of atelectasis is irreversible?

Answer 6

Contraction atelectasis

Question 7

What is the cause of hemodynamic pulmonary edema?

Answer 7

Increased hydrostatic pressure (CHF)

Question 8

Diffuse edema can cause what serious condition?

Answer 8

ARDS

Question 9

What disease is caused by abrupt onset of hypoxemia and b/l pulmonary infiltrates in the absence of cardiac failure?

Answer 9

ALI/ARDS

Question 10

What is the pathogenesis overview of ALI/ARDS?

Answer 10

Inflammation-associated increases in pulmonary vascular permeability

Question 11

Fibrosis of the alveolar walls in ALI/ARDS is due to which mediators?

Answer 11

TGF-ß and PDGF

Question 12

Which two risk factors cause ALI/ARDS to be more common and have a worse prognosis?

Answer 12

Tobacco smoking

Alcohol

Question 13

What are the presenting Sx’s of ALI/ARDS?

Answer 13

Abrupt dyspnea
Hypoxemia
B/l pulmonary infiltrates
No HF

Question 14

What disease occurs in pts around 59 yo < 3 weeks post URI with Sx’s of acute respiratory failure?

Answer 14

Acute interstitial pneumonia