Pulmonary II Flashcards
Destructive enzymes break down alveolar
walls, leading to: floppy airway (more compliance), air trapping and
decreased SA for gas exchange in which condition?
A. Emphysema
B. COPD
C. CHF
D. PE
A. Emphysema
What’s the difference between Centrilobular and Panacinar pneumonia?
Centrilobular affects bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles
Panacinar affects alveolar ducts and alveolus
Genetic mutations in α1 anti-trypsin, smoking,
exposure to 2nd hand smoke or air pollution are risk factors for which two conditions?
Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis
Which condition is characterized by diminished mucocilliary escalator function +
hypertrophy of goblet and bronchiolar smooth
muscle cells?
A. Lung Cancer
B. Pleural Effusion
C. CHF
D. Pneumothorax
E. Chronic Bronchitis
E. Chronic Bronchitis
Which condition is associated with chronic infection, which leads to chronic AIRWAY inflammation and
AIR TRAPPING secondary to SECRETION RETENTION?
Chronic Bronchitis
In which condition do irritants (allergens, pollution, dust, etc…) lead to reversible inflammatory response in bronchioles?
A. Lung Cancer
B. Pleural Effusion
C. CHF
D. Pneumothorax
E. Asthma
E. Asthma
True or False:
Respiratory infection and air temperature contributes to developing asthma
True!
How is bronchial smooth muscle affected in asthmatics?
Bronchial SM constricts
constricts, leading to air trapping & alveolar hyperinflation
Which two factors lead to fluid infiltration, as
seen in asthma?
- Increased in mucous production
- Bronchiolar, mucosal inflammation + thickening
Aphasia, immobilization, malnutrition, COPD, heart disease,
AIDS, and being asplenic are risk factors for:
A. Lung Cancer
B. Pleural Effusion
C. CHF
D. Pneumothorax
E. Pneumonia
E. Pneumonia
True or False: CHF is an inflammatory reaction of the distal airway to insult/microorganism
False - pneumonia
____ evolves in stages, often following a viral infection
Pneumonia
____ is a severe, systemic or
pulmonary insult resulting in
strong inflammatory or
immune response
ARDS
Having pancreatitis, pneumonia, acute
renal failure, or shock can make you more likely to develop ____
ARDS
Thickening of inter-alveolar-capillary space, as well as pulmonary edema, fibrosis, and stiff lung (reduced
compliance) are features of which condition:
A. Pleural Effusion
B. COPD
C. ARDS
D. Asthma
C. ARDS
Which cytokine plays a major role in the intense cytokine-induced inflammation associated with ARDS?
IL-8
Effects of IL-8 in ARDS?
Antibodies forming immune complexes
IC:
1) attract/activate neutrophils
2) trigger edema, fibrosis &
hypoxia
Increased lung stiffness (↓ compliance), ↑ work of breathing is characteristic of _____
ARDS
True or False: Productive cough, cyanosis, crackles, chest pain, and low BP are associated with ARDS
True
____typically starts as “coin lesion” along bronchi with mix of
cartilage and epithelial cells
Lung cancer
Skin flushing, diarrhea, dyspnea & asthma-like
symptoms, tachycardia; Cushing syndrome, hyper/hypocalcemia,
weight loss, and cachexia are parneoplasic effects, as seen in: ______
Lung Cancer
____: Sudden, life-threatening occlusion of a
pulmonary artery by embolism or thrombus.
Leads to ventilation-perfusion mismatching
PE
Deconditioning, HTN, smoking, diabetes,
atherosclerosis, obesity, hyperlipidemia, MI,
valvular heart disease, viral or bacterial
infections, hyper/hypothyroidism are risk factors associated with:
CHF
Which condition typically takes years
to develop (5-30 years), but can occur acutely w/infection?
A. CHF
B. Asthma
C. PE
A. CHF
True or False: Exercise intolerance, edema, and SOB are characteristic of CHF
True
Blood “backs up” into pulmonary/systemic system/both and heart & vasculature undergoes remodeling in which condition?
CHF
Contusion/trauma, COPD, connective
tissue disorders, TB, and tall stature are risk factors for:
Pneumothroax
True or False: There is ventilation: perfusion mismatching in pneumothroax
True
Pneumonia, connective tissue disorder (RA,
SLE, etc…), CHF, lymphedema, neoplasm, TB, and
pancreatitis are risk factors for:
A. PE
B. CHF
C. Pleuritis/Pleural Effusion
D. Pneumonia
C. Pleuritis/Pleural Effusion
Which condition may have insidious onset and mimic, musculoskeletal pain
except pain related to breathing cycle?
A. PE
B. CHF
C. Pleuritis/Pleural Effusion
D. Pneumonia
C. Pleuritis/Pleural Effusion
What causes the transudative/exudative fluid in pleural space, as seen in pleural effusion?
Inflammatory condition or infection
(pneumonia)
Which condition is associated with thickened, stiff, and scarred lung?
A. Emphysema
B. Pulmonary Fibrosis
C. Pleural Effusion
B. Pulmonary Fibrosis
Pulmonary fibrosis typically arises from an inflammatory process
that is triggered by ____, ____, or _____
pneumonia, irritants, or auto-immune disorder
True or False: Increased lung stiffness, decreased
diffusion capacity and SOB, especially with expiration is characteristic of pulmonary edema
False - of Pulmonary Fibrosis
Although emphysema and chronic bronchitis are similar, in the prior one has a ___ complexion while in the latter one is ____
pink; cyanotic
Wheezing, hyper-inflated lung/barrel chest, flat diaphragm,
hypercapnia, and hypoxemia are characteristic of which two pulmonary disorders?
Emphysema / Chronic Bronchitis
True or False: Emphysema may or may not have productive cough
True
Productive cough (worse in AM) that is accompanied by bad breath suggets:
Chronic Bronchitits
True or False: Heart failure develops later in emphysema and chronic bronchitis
True
Which disorder occurs acutely with wheezing?
Asthma
Which disorder is common in patients with prolonged
bed rest, immune-suppressed patients, elderly, very
young, exposure to pt with TB or other respiratory
infectious agent, aspiration?
Pneumonia
High fever, crackles/wheezing/ diminished breath
sounds, as well as productive couch, hemoptysis, and chest pain are associated with which condition?
Pneumonia
Weight loss, cachexia, wheezing/crackling, and hemoptysis suggests:
Lung Cancer
____: Develops acutely in patients on prolonged bed
rest, with presence of DVT, s/p air travel or with
coagulation dx
PE
_____ is a slowly developing condition associated with fatigue, SOB, wt. loss/gain (with fluid retention), peripheral edema, decreased exercise tolerance, etc.
CHF
Kerley B-lines suggest:
CHF
SOB (primary symptom), hemoptysis and chest pain (unilateral) are associated with which condition?
PE
Acute onset of cyanosis, anxiety, midline shift, and stridor suggests which pulmonary condition?
Pneumothorax
Which condition can be caused by pneumonia, CHF, respiratory
disease, prolonged or protracted illness, connective
tissue disorders and rheumatoid disorders?
Pleural Effusion
Diminished breath sounds over lower lobes, accompanied by chest pain with inspiration or
expiration, SOB, possible fever suggests:
Pleural Effusion
Prolonged expose to industrial air pollution,
dust or smoking and h/o autoimmune disorder suggests:
Pulmonary Fibrosis
True or False: In COVID-19, there’s a mismatch between severity of hypoxemia and
calculated stiffness
True
What is shown?
A. Kerley B Lines
B. Air bronchogram
C. Silhouette Sign
D. Midline Shift
B. Air bronchogram
What is shown?
A. Kerley B Lines
B. Air bronchogram
C. Silhouette Sign
D. Midline Shift
A. Kerley B Lines
What are 4 noteworthy features in this COVID patient’s lungs?
- Hyperinflation
- Flat diaphragm,
- Barrel chest
- Prominent
vascular markings
Which condition is present?
COVID-19
Which condition is present?
Pneumonia
Which condition is this?
Which condition is visible
Pneumonia
What dose this lacey appearance suggest?
Pneumonia
Which condition is shown?
ARDS (ground glass)
Which condition is shown
ARDS (ground glass)
Which condition is visible?
COVID-19
Which signs are present? What is this condition?
Meniscus Sign + Silhouette Sign; Pleuritis;
Cause
- Autoimmune disease
- Heart failure
- Lung disease
- Infection
Which condition is this?
CHF/Pulmonary Edema
-note: enlarged heart
Which condition is this?
Lung Cancer
True or False: This shows an adenocarcinoma
True
True or False: This shows TB in R middle lobe
True
What condition is this?
Pneumonia
Which condition is this?
Pleural effusion (pulm edema) in HF
Which condition is this?
Lung Cancer
Which condition is this?
Pulmonary embolism
Which condition is this?
Pneumothorax
Which condition is this?
COVID-19 ARDS
