Lectures 1 and 2: Intro Flashcards
___ : proliferating cells are transformed into specialized cell types
Cellular differentiation
True or False: The more specialized a cell is, the less apt it is to divide
True
True or False: Cellular differentiation is controlled by changes in gene expression and is induced by environmental cues
True
Heart cells, skeletal muscle cells, and nerve cells do not undergo MITOSIS post-natally, making them:
A. Continuously dividing cells
B. Quiescent Cells
C. Non-dividing cells
C. Non-dividing cells
Liver, kidney, and pancreas cells are parenchymal cells that reside in G0 and are triggered to replicate, making them:
A. Continuously dividing cells
B. Quiescent Cells
C. Non-dividing cells
B. Quiescent Cells
True or False: Mesenchymal cells (fibroblasts, smooth muscle) and vascular endothelial cells are non-dividing cells
False - they are quiescent cells
Transitional epithelium of urinary tract, stem cells, and bone marrow and hematopoietic tissues are ____ ___ cells
continuosly dividing cells
Continuously dividing cells are ____
Quiescent cells are ___ cells
Non-dividing cells are ___ cells
labile
stable cells
permanent cells
True or False: Topographic cues enhance and direct nerve axonal regeneration
True
Can cells respond to ECM biophysical cues?
Can artificial surfaces can mimic individual ECM components?
Yes
Artificial surfaces are tools to separate __ cues from ___ cues
biochemical; biophysical
What is the advantage of using silicon masters to make mass quantities of polyurethane substrates?
Can be used to characterize effects of one topographic variable at one time
What three pieces of information are stored in the native extracellular matrix?
1) Compliance
2) Elasticity
3) Geometries/Topography
True or False: Cells deposit ECM proteins and ECM can self-assemble
True
Biochemical ligands bind to ___ ___
cell receptors
Which five components make up the extracellular matrix?
Collagen (fibrillar vs. non)
Fibronectin
Laminin
Nidogen
Perlecan
___: non-cellular component present within all tissues and organs, and provides not only essential physical scaffolding for cellular constituents but also initiates crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues that are required for tissues morphogenesis, differentiation, and homeostasis
ECM
True or False: Biochemical signals can bind to receptor, leading to intracellular change in gene expression
True
Can biochemical signals come from static (insoluble) sources too?
Yes - the ECM!
Tension headaches, fibromyalgia, and functional bowel syndrome is which type of disease?
A. Organic Diseases
B. Syndromes
C. Structural
D. Functional
D. Functional
True or False: Diabetes, HTN, and mental illness can be classified as functional and structural
True
Lesions or physical manifestations are which type of disease?
A. Syndromes
B. Structural
C. Functional
B. Structural
- organic diseases
What are the three major categories of structural diseases?
1) Genetic and developmental
2) Acquired injuries and inflammatory diseases
3) Hyperplasia and neoplasm
True or False: Syndromes are signs and symptoms associated with more than one disease entity (e.g nephrotic syndrome)
True
What are the four common causes of chronic disease?
1) Lack of physical exercise
2) Poor nutrition
3) Tobacco use
4) Excessive ETOH consumption
Homeostasis -> ___ of disease -> ___ disease
genesis; chronic
Heart disease and cancer are leading cause of death in ___
Ischemic heart disease and stroke are leading cause of death ___
US; worldwide
In RNA vaccines, RNA stays in ___. By contrast, in DNA vaccines, DNA enters __ ___
cytoplasm; cell nucleus
Pfizer and Moderna are ___based vaccines that use a liposome particle vector and require 2 doses
J/J is DNA-based adenovirus vector, which requires 1 dose
RNA-based
True or False: Primary research has original data while Commentary is a discussion of the material
True
____: describes the conditions observed in a disease state
Pathology
____: discipline that attempts to explain how normal physiological mechanisms change during genesis and progression of disease
Pathophysiology
