L27: Oral Infections - Pathology Flashcards
Which pathogen can cause dental carries?
S. mutans
- The type that can ferment sugars and make organic acids
True or False: For dental carries (attack on tooth enamel by metabolic byproducts of microbial flora) to occur, requires cariogenic bacteria
True
How do dental carries arise?
True or False: If left untreated, dental carries can become dentoalveolar infections
True!
What are two features of peridontitis?
- Bone destruction
What are two features of ginvigitis?
- Calculus
- Inflammation
True or False: All of the bacterium that lead to gingivitis are gram (-) rods
True
Which condition is characterized by plaque build-up on necks of teeth, as well as calcification, leading to gum inflammation?
Gingivitis
In ginigivitis, what causes the vasodilation (gum redness)?
Metabolic products of bacteria
In gingivitis, which complement pathway is activated, leading to edema/puffy gums?
Alternative pathway
In gingivitis, bacteria activate ___ receptors and induce pro-inflammatory ___
TLR; cytokines
In gingivitis, airway epithelial cells make ___ to induce neutrophil infiltration
A. IL-1
B. IL-9
C. IL-8
D. IL-2
C. IL-8
Is gingivitis reversible? How?
What happens if it isn’t treated?
Yes - removal plaque and tartar
- Lack of treatment = periodontitis (irreversible)
Loss of bone and alveolar tissue is a feature of
A. Gingivitis
B. Periodontitis
B. Periodontitis
_____: Inflammation of the tissue around teeth, often causes shrinkage or gums, loosening of teeth, or loss of teeth
Periodontitis
What is an etiological agent that is likely to cause Adult Periodontitis?
Keystone pathogen
- P. gingivalis
____: Commensal organisms that, under disrupted homeostasis, have the potential to deregulate inflammatory response and cause disease
Pathobionts
True or False: Formation and composition of biofilm are very important in promoting periodontitis
True
Influx of neutrophils and inflammation WITHOUT significant tissue loss suggests ____
Chronic inflammation, more macrophages, activation of osteoclasts suggests ____
Gingivitis; Periodontitis
In periodontitis, which cells of the adaptive immune response recruit additional PMN’s and IL-17 to promote osteoclast activation?
Th17
In periodontitis, neutrophils release ____, which break down CT and are pro-inflammatory cytokines
metalloproteases
True or False: In periodontitis, macrophages and neutrophils release ROS
True
True or False: In periodontitis, cells produce RANKL, which promotes bone resorption
True
What are thee pathophysiological mediators responsible for tissue and bone loss in periodontitis?
- Matrix metalloproteases
- ROS
- RANKL
___ cells, produced by PMN’s and fibroblasts, lead to degradation of collagen and elastin in periodontitis; also cleaves and activates pro-infl proteins
A. Matrix metalloproteases
B. ROS
C. RANKL
A. Matrix metalloproteases (Periodontitis)
____ made by neutrophils and macrophages increase MMP activation and pro-inflammatory secretion, decrease proteinase inhibitors, as well as osteoblast differentiation (by increasing RANKL)
A. Matrix metalloproteases
B. ROS
C. RANKL
B. ROS
RANKL is produced by innate immune cells like ___ and ___ as well as adaptive immune cells like B and T cells
macrophages/neutrophils
___ promotes differentiation of precursor to osteoclasts that degrade bone
RANKL
True or False: Net loss of alveolar bone, as in periodontitis, is largely controlled by production of RANKL and OPG
True
True or False: RANKL promotes bone loss in periodontitis
True
Although bone loss is not reversible in periodontitis, which two anti-inflammatory cytokines can slow it down? what other molecule?
IL-4/IL-10
OPG
- If OPG>RANKL
True or False: Chronic periodontitis has been linked to increased circulation of oral flora (P. gingivalis) – can lead to local inflammatory response and promote platelet.thrombus formation
True
Individuals with severe periodontitis demonstrate increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines + CAD. How?
- High inflammatory cytokines
- IFN-gamma inhibits collagen production of VSM
- TNF-a increased IL-6, which increases CRP
