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Pathophysiology > L27: Oral Infections - Pathology > Flashcards

L27: Oral Infections - Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Which pathogen can cause dental carries?

A

S. mutans
- The type that can ferment sugars and make organic acids

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2
Q

True or False: For dental carries (attack on tooth enamel by metabolic byproducts of microbial flora) to occur, requires cariogenic bacteria

A

True

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3
Q

How do dental carries arise?

A
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4
Q

True or False: If left untreated, dental carries can become dentoalveolar infections

A

True!

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5
Q

What are two features of peridontitis?

A
  1. Bone destruction
  2. Pocket
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6
Q

What are two features of ginvigitis?

A
  1. Calculus
  2. Inflammation
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7
Q

True or False: All of the bacterium that lead to gingivitis are gram (-) rods

A

True

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8
Q

Which condition is characterized by plaque build-up on necks of teeth, as well as calcification, leading to gum inflammation?

A

Gingivitis

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9
Q

In ginigivitis, what causes the vasodilation (gum redness)?

A

Metabolic products of bacteria

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10
Q

In gingivitis, which complement pathway is activated, leading to edema/puffy gums?

A

Alternative pathway

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11
Q

In gingivitis, bacteria activate ___ receptors and induce pro-inflammatory ___

A

TLR; cytokines

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12
Q

In gingivitis, airway epithelial cells make ___ to induce neutrophil infiltration
A. IL-1
B. IL-9
C. IL-8
D. IL-2

A

C. IL-8

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13
Q

Is gingivitis reversible? How?
What happens if it isn’t treated?

A

Yes - removal plaque and tartar
- Lack of treatment = periodontitis (irreversible)

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14
Q

Loss of bone and alveolar tissue is a feature of
A. Gingivitis
B. Periodontitis

A

B. Periodontitis

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15
Q

_____: Inflammation of the tissue around teeth, often causes shrinkage or gums, loosening of teeth, or loss of teeth

A

Periodontitis

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16
Q

What is an etiological agent that is likely to cause Adult Periodontitis?

A

Keystone pathogen
- P. gingivalis

17
Q

____: Commensal organisms that, under disrupted homeostasis, have the potential to deregulate inflammatory response and cause disease

A

Pathobionts

18
Q

True or False: Formation and composition of biofilm are very important in promoting periodontitis

A

True

19
Q

Influx of neutrophils and inflammation WITHOUT significant tissue loss suggests ____

Chronic inflammation, more macrophages, activation of osteoclasts suggests ____

A

Gingivitis; Periodontitis

20
Q

In periodontitis, which cells of the adaptive immune response recruit additional PMN’s and IL-17 to promote osteoclast activation?

A

Th17

21
Q

In periodontitis, neutrophils release ____, which break down CT and are pro-inflammatory cytokines

A

metalloproteases

22
Q

True or False: In periodontitis, macrophages and neutrophils release ROS

A

True

23
Q

True or False: In periodontitis, cells produce RANKL, which promotes bone resorption

A

True

24
Q

What are thee pathophysiological mediators responsible for tissue and bone loss in periodontitis?

A
  1. Matrix metalloproteases
  2. ROS
  3. RANKL
25
Q

___ cells, produced by PMN’s and fibroblasts, lead to degradation of collagen and elastin in periodontitis; also cleaves and activates pro-infl proteins
A. Matrix metalloproteases
B. ROS
C. RANKL

A

A. Matrix metalloproteases (Periodontitis)

26
Q

____ made by neutrophils and macrophages increase MMP activation and pro-inflammatory secretion, decrease proteinase inhibitors, as well as osteoblast differentiation (by increasing RANKL)
A. Matrix metalloproteases
B. ROS
C. RANKL

A

B. ROS

27
Q

RANKL is produced by innate immune cells like ___ and ___ as well as adaptive immune cells like B and T cells

A

macrophages/neutrophils

28
Q

___ promotes differentiation of precursor to osteoclasts that degrade bone

A

RANKL

29
Q

True or False: Net loss of alveolar bone, as in periodontitis, is largely controlled by production of RANKL and OPG

A

True

30
Q

True or False: RANKL promotes bone loss in periodontitis

A

True

31
Q

Although bone loss is not reversible in periodontitis, which two anti-inflammatory cytokines can slow it down? what other molecule?

A

IL-4/IL-10

OPG
- If OPG>RANKL

32
Q

True or False: Chronic periodontitis has been linked to increased circulation of oral flora (P. gingivalis) – can lead to local inflammatory response and promote platelet.thrombus formation

A

True

33
Q

Individuals with severe periodontitis demonstrate increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines + CAD. How?

A
  • High inflammatory cytokines
  • IFN-gamma inhibits collagen production of VSM
  • TNF-a increased IL-6, which increases CRP

Pathophysiology (26 decks)

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