Pulmonary Flashcards
What is the major difference between Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis?
(hint: think anatomy)
Emphysema affects the alveoli while bronchitis affects the large and small airways (bronchi ad bronchioles)
True or False: Panacinar Emphysema affects the alveolar ducts and alveolus while Centrilobular Emphysema affects bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles
True
In asthma, how does air trapping and alveolar hyperinflation occur?
Bronchiolar smooth muscle CONSTRICTS
How does fluid infiltration occur in asthma patients?
- Increased mucus production
- Increased bronchiolar mucosal inflammation/thickening
In chronic bronchitis, which two cell types experience hypertrophy?
Goblet cell and bronchiolar smooth muscle cells
Decreased function of mucociliary escalator is associated with which condition:
A. Asthma
B. Chronic Bronchitis
C. Emphysema
D. Pulmonary Fibrosis
B. Chronic Bronchitis
True or False: Air trapping is present in both Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis
True
True or False: Chronic airway inflammation is seen in Emphysema
False - in Chronic Bronchitis
True or False: GERD is a risk factor for asthma
True
Aphasia, immobilization, COPD, Heart Disease, and AIDS are risk factors for:
A. Asthma
B. Emphysema
C. Chronic Bronchitis
D. Pneumonia
D. Pneumonia
True or False: Pneumonia is an inflammatory reaction of the distal airway
True
Severe, systemic/pulmonary insult, resulting in strong inflammatory response (e.g pancreatitis, pneumonia, acute renal failure) are risk factors for:
A. Asthma
B. ARDS
C. Chronic Bronchitis
D. Pneumonia
E. Emphysema
B. ARDS
Which two conditions
are characterized by inflammatory reaction of distal airway?
A. Asthma
B. ARDS
C. Chronic Bronchitis
D. Pneumonia
E. Emphysema
B. ARDS / D. Pneumonia
What sort of long term changes to the alveolar wall are seen in ARDS?
- Thickening of inter-alveolar capillary space
- Collagen deposits
Which condition can lead to pulmonary edema, stiff lung (reduced compliance), fibrosis, acute hypoxia, and increased work of breathing?
A. Asthma
B. ARDS
C. Chronic Bronchitis
D. Pneumonia
E. Emphysema
B. ARDS
Which condition is associated with tachypnea, tachycardia, low BP; productive cough; cyanosis, fever, crackles, chest pain, confusion?
A. Asthma
B. ARDS
C. Chronic Bronchitis
D. Pneumonia
E. Emphysema
B. ARDS
Which condition can cause skin flushing, diarrhea, tachycardia; Cushing Syndrome; Hyper/Hypocalcemia; Weight Loss; Cachexia (e.g parneoplastic effects - makes a hormone that causes the effect)
A. Asthma
B. ARDS
C. Chronic Bronchitis
D. Pneumonia
E. Lung Cancer
E. Lung Cancer
Immobilization puts one at high risk of developing which two conditions?
Pulmonary Embolism and Pneumonia
_____: Sudden, life threatening occlusion of pulmonary artery by embolism or thrombus
Pulmonary Embolism
Ventilation-perfusion mismatching is a feature of which two conditions?
Pulmonary embolism + Pneumothrorax
Which condition usually takes years to develop (unless its due to infection) and occurs when heart can’t meet demands of body. Symptoms include: exercise intolerance, fatigue, edema.
CHF
_____: Transudative or exudative fluid in pleural space, results from inflammatory condition or infection (pneumonia)
Pleural Effusion
_____: condition where functional lung parenchymal tissue is replaced by scar tissue
Pulmonary Fibrosis
True or False: In pulmonary fibrosis, the lung tissue is thickened, stiff, and scarred
True
Typically, pulmonary fibrosis arises from inflammatory process that is triggered by ____ disease (e.g lupus)
autoimmune
True or False: Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis, and Asthma are conditions in which patients rely on accessory mm
True
Hemoptysis is most commonly seen with which two condition?
Pneumonia and Lung Cancer
True or False: Both pneumothorax and PE are acute conditions
True
What is the gold standard for dx
You may or may not have a productive cough with ____. However, in _____, you WILL have a productive cough (worse in AM) + bad breath
Emphysema; Chronic Bronchitis
Hyper-inflated barrel chest suggest which condition?
Emphysema
Midline shift (of diaphragm) is associated with:
A. Chronic Bronchitis
B. Emphysema
C. Lung Cancer
D. Pneumothorax
D. Pneumothorax
- Pleural Friction Rub suggests which condition?
Pleural Effusion
___ and ___are associated with cyanosis while ____ is associated with SUDDEN cyanosis
ARDS, PE; Pneumothorax
Kerley B Lines are associated with:
A. Pneumothroax
B. Emphysema
C. Lung Cancer
D. Congestive Heart Failure
D. Congestive Heart Failure
(or possibly
The chest X-ray is a good test for diagnosing which three conditions?
Pneumonia
ARDS
Lung Cancer
“Ground glass appearance” on a CXR suggests which condition?
A. Pneumothroax
B. Emphysema
C. Lung Cancer
D. Congestive Heart Failure
E. ARDS
E. ARDS
An X-ray that shows an enlarged heart suggests which condition?
A. Pneumothroax
B. Emphysema
C. Lung Cancer
D. Congestive Heart Failure
E. ARDS
D. Congestive Heart Failure (chronic)
True or False: In most cases of COVID-19, stiffness or elasticity is lower
True
Patients with ___ have less SOB, but still very hypoxic
ARDS/COVID-19
True or False: Kerley B Lines represent the costophrenic sulci
True
A meniscus sign + atelectasis suggests which condition?
Pleuritis
Enlarged heart + Kerley B Lines suggests:
Pulmonary Edema/CHF
Lacey appearance suggests:
Pneumonia
Which two conditions does this patient have?
Pleuritis/Pleural Effusion (meniscus sign)
Pneumonia (Lacey appearance)
Which condition is shown?
Lung cancer
Which condition is shown
Pneumothorax (midline shift)
Which condition is shown
Pneumothorax (midline shift)
Which condition is this?
COVID/ARDS
