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Pathophysiology > Pulmonary > Flashcards

Pulmonary Flashcards

1
Q

What is the major difference between Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis?
(hint: think anatomy)

A

Emphysema affects the alveoli while bronchitis affects the large and small airways (bronchi ad bronchioles)

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2
Q

True or False: Panacinar Emphysema affects the alveolar ducts and alveolus while Centrilobular Emphysema affects bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles

A

True

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3
Q

In asthma, how does air trapping and alveolar hyperinflation occur?

A

Bronchiolar smooth muscle CONSTRICTS

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4
Q

How does fluid infiltration occur in asthma patients?

A
  1. Increased mucus production
  2. Increased bronchiolar mucosal inflammation/thickening
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5
Q

In chronic bronchitis, which two cell types experience hypertrophy?

A

Goblet cell and bronchiolar smooth muscle cells

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6
Q

Decreased function of mucociliary escalator is associated with which condition:
A. Asthma
B. Chronic Bronchitis
C. Emphysema
D. Pulmonary Fibrosis

A

B. Chronic Bronchitis

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7
Q

True or False: Air trapping is present in both Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis

A

True

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8
Q

True or False: Chronic airway inflammation is seen in Emphysema

A

False - in Chronic Bronchitis

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9
Q

True or False: GERD is a risk factor for asthma

A

True

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10
Q

Aphasia, immobilization, COPD, Heart Disease, and AIDS are risk factors for:
A. Asthma
B. Emphysema
C. Chronic Bronchitis
D. Pneumonia

A

D. Pneumonia

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11
Q

True or False: Pneumonia is an inflammatory reaction of the distal airway

A

True

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12
Q

Severe, systemic/pulmonary insult, resulting in strong inflammatory response (e.g pancreatitis, pneumonia, acute renal failure) are risk factors for:
A. Asthma
B. ARDS
C. Chronic Bronchitis
D. Pneumonia
E. Emphysema

A

B. ARDS

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13
Q

Which two conditions
are characterized by inflammatory reaction of distal airway?
A. Asthma
B. ARDS
C. Chronic Bronchitis
D. Pneumonia
E. Emphysema

A

B. ARDS / D. Pneumonia

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14
Q

What sort of long term changes to the alveolar wall are seen in ARDS?

A
  1. Thickening of inter-alveolar capillary space
  2. Collagen deposits
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15
Q

Which condition can lead to pulmonary edema, stiff lung (reduced compliance), fibrosis, acute hypoxia, and increased work of breathing?
A. Asthma
B. ARDS
C. Chronic Bronchitis
D. Pneumonia
E. Emphysema

A

B. ARDS

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16
Q

Which condition is associated with tachypnea, tachycardia, low BP; productive cough; cyanosis, fever, crackles, chest pain, confusion?
A. Asthma
B. ARDS
C. Chronic Bronchitis
D. Pneumonia
E. Emphysema

A

B. ARDS

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17
Q

Which condition can cause skin flushing, diarrhea, tachycardia; Cushing Syndrome; Hyper/Hypocalcemia; Weight Loss; Cachexia (e.g parneoplastic effects - makes a hormone that causes the effect)
A. Asthma
B. ARDS
C. Chronic Bronchitis
D. Pneumonia
E. Lung Cancer

A

E. Lung Cancer

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18
Q

Immobilization puts one at high risk of developing which two conditions?

A

Pulmonary Embolism and Pneumonia

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19
Q

_____: Sudden, life threatening occlusion of pulmonary artery by embolism or thrombus

A

Pulmonary Embolism

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20
Q

Ventilation-perfusion mismatching is a feature of which two conditions?

A

Pulmonary embolism + Pneumothrorax

21
Q

Which condition usually takes years to develop (unless its due to infection) and occurs when heart can’t meet demands of body. Symptoms include: exercise intolerance, fatigue, edema.

A

CHF

22
Q

_____: Transudative or exudative fluid in pleural space, results from inflammatory condition or infection (pneumonia)

A

Pleural Effusion

23
Q

_____: condition where functional lung parenchymal tissue is replaced by scar tissue

A

Pulmonary Fibrosis

24
Q

True or False: In pulmonary fibrosis, the lung tissue is thickened, stiff, and scarred

A

True

25
Q

Typically, pulmonary fibrosis arises from inflammatory process that is triggered by ____ disease (e.g lupus)

A

autoimmune

26
Q

True or False: Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis, and Asthma are conditions in which patients rely on accessory mm

A

True

27
Q

Hemoptysis is most commonly seen with which two condition?

A

Pneumonia and Lung Cancer

28
Q

True or False: Both pneumothorax and PE are acute conditions

A

True

29
Q

What is the gold standard for dx

A
30
Q

You may or may not have a productive cough with ____. However, in _____, you WILL have a productive cough (worse in AM) + bad breath

A

Emphysema; Chronic Bronchitis

31
Q

Hyper-inflated barrel chest suggest which condition?

A

Emphysema

32
Q

Midline shift (of diaphragm) is associated with:
A. Chronic Bronchitis
B. Emphysema
C. Lung Cancer
D. Pneumothorax

A

D. Pneumothorax

33
Q
  • Pleural Friction Rub suggests which condition?
A

Pleural Effusion

34
Q

___ and ___are associated with cyanosis while ____ is associated with SUDDEN cyanosis

A

ARDS, PE; Pneumothorax

35
Q

Kerley B Lines are associated with:
A. Pneumothroax
B. Emphysema
C. Lung Cancer
D. Congestive Heart Failure

A

D. Congestive Heart Failure

(or possibly

36
Q

The chest X-ray is a good test for diagnosing which three conditions?

A

Pneumonia
ARDS
Lung Cancer

37
Q

“Ground glass appearance” on a CXR suggests which condition?
A. Pneumothroax
B. Emphysema
C. Lung Cancer
D. Congestive Heart Failure
E. ARDS

A

E. ARDS

38
Q

An X-ray that shows an enlarged heart suggests which condition?
A. Pneumothroax
B. Emphysema
C. Lung Cancer
D. Congestive Heart Failure
E. ARDS

A

D. Congestive Heart Failure (chronic)

39
Q

True or False: In most cases of COVID-19, stiffness or elasticity is lower

A

True

40
Q

Patients with ___ have less SOB, but still very hypoxic

A

ARDS/COVID-19

41
Q

True or False: Kerley B Lines represent the costophrenic sulci

A

True

42
Q

A meniscus sign + atelectasis suggests which condition?

A

Pleuritis

43
Q

Enlarged heart + Kerley B Lines suggests:

A

Pulmonary Edema/CHF

44
Q

Lacey appearance suggests:

A

Pneumonia

45
Q

Which two conditions does this patient have?

A

Pleuritis/Pleural Effusion (meniscus sign)

Pneumonia (Lacey appearance)

46
Q

Which condition is shown?

A

Lung cancer

47
Q

Which condition is shown

A

Pneumothorax (midline shift)

48
Q

Which condition is shown

A

Pneumothorax (midline shift)

49
Q

Which condition is this?

A

COVID/ARDS

Pathophysiology (26 decks)

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