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Medical Terminology > Pulmonary - ENT > Flashcards

Pulmonary - ENT Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Term

A

Definition

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2
Q

fluid

A

partition seperating the right and left nasal cavities

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3
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

air cavities within the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities

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4
Q

pharynx

A

serves as a food and air passageway. Air enters through the nasal cavities and passes through the pharynx to the larynx. Food enters the pharynx from the mouth and passes into the esophagus.

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5
Q

Adenoids

A

lymphoid tissue located behind the nasal cavity

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6
Q

Tonsils

A

Lymphoid tissue located behind the mouth

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7
Q

larynx

A

location of the vocal cords. Air enters from the pharynx (also called the voice box)

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8
Q

epiglottis

A

flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening and keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing

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9
Q

Trachea

A

passageway for air to bronchi (wind pipe)

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10
Q

Bronchus (pl. bronchi)

A

one of two branches from the trachea that conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides. The branching resembles a tree; therefore they are referred to as a bronchail tree.

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11
Q

bronchioles

A

smallest subdivision of the broncial tree

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12
Q

alveolus (pl. alveoli)

A

Air sacs at the end of the brochioles. Oxygen and CO2 are exchanged through the alveolar walls and the capillaries

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13
Q

Lungs

A

two spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity. The right lung consists of three lobes and the left lung has two.

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14
Q

Pleura

A

Double folded serous membrane covering each lung and lining the thoracic cavity with a small spave between, called the pleural cavity, which contains serous fluid.

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15
Q

Diaphragm

A

muscular partition that seperates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. It aids in the breathing process by contracting and pulling air in, then relaxing and pushing air out.

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16
Q

Mediastinum

A

space between te lungs. It contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, great blood vessels, and other structures.

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17
Q

Adenoid/o

A

Adenoids

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18
Q

alveol/o

A

alveolus

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19
Q

bronchi/o, bronch/o

A

bronchus

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20
Q

diaphragmat/o, phren/o

A

diaphragm

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21
Q

epiglott/o

A

epiglottis

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22
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx

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23
Q

lob/o

A

lobe

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24
Q

nas/o, rhin/o

A

nose

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25
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

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26
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

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27
Q

pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o

A

lung, air

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28
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

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29
Q

sept/o

A

septum (wall off, fence)

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30
Q

sinus/o

A

sinus

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31
Q

thorac/o

A

thorax (chest)

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32
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsil

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33
Q

atel/o

A

imperfect, incomplete

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34
Q

capn/o

A

carbon dioxide

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35
Q

hem/o, hemat/o

A

blood

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36
Q

muc/o

A

mucus

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37
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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38
Q

ox/i, ox/o

A

oxygen

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39
Q

phon/o

A

sound, voice

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40
Q

py/o

A

pus

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41
Q

somn/o

A

sleep

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42
Q

spir/o

A

breathe, breathing

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43
Q

a-, an-

A

absence of, without

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44
Q

endo-

A

within

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45
Q

eu-

A

normal, good

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46
Q

pan-

A

all, total

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47
Q

poly-

A

many, much

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48
Q

tachy-

A

fast, rapid

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49
Q

-algia

A

pain

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50
Q

-ar, -ary, -eal

A

pertaining to

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51
Q

-cele

A

hernia or protrusion

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52
Q

-centesis

A

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid (with a sterile needle)

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53
Q

-ectasis

A

stretching out, dilatation, expansion

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54
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

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55
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording, radiographic

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56
Q

-meter

A

insturment used to measure

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57
Q

-metry

A

measurement

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58
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation, suspension

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59
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

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60
Q

-rrhagia

A

rapid flow of blood

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61
Q

-scope

A

insturment used for visual examination

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62
Q

-scopic

A

pertianing to visual examination

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63
Q

-scopy

A

visual examination

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64
Q

-spasm

A

sudden, involuntary muscle contraction

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65
Q

-stenosis

A

constriction or narrowing

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66
Q

-stomy

A

creation of an artifical opening

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67
Q

-thorax

A

chest

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68
Q

-tomy

A

cut into or incision

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69
Q

adenoiditis

A

inflammation of the adenoids

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70
Q

alveolitis

A

inflammation of the alveolus

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71
Q

atelectasis

A

incomplete expansion of the lung or portion of the lung

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72
Q

bronchiectasis

A

dilation of the bronchi

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73
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchi

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74
Q

bronchogenic carcinoma

A

cancerous tumor originating in a bronchus

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75
Q

bronchopneumonia

A

diseased state of the bronchi and lungs (normally caused by infection)

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76
Q

diaphragmatocele (di-a-frag-MAT-o-sel)

A

Hernia of the diaphragm

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77
Q

Epiglottitis

A

inflammation of the epiglottis

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78
Q

hemothorax

A

blood in the chest (pleural space)

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79
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx

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80
Q

laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) la-ring-go-tra-ke-o-bron-KI-tos

A

inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi (the acute form is called croup)

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81
Q

lobar pneumonia

A

pertianing to the lobes, diseased state of the lung

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82
Q

nasopharyngitis

A

inflammation of the nose and pharynx

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83
Q

pansinusitis

A

inflammation of the sinus

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84
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx

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85
Q

pleuritis

A

inflammation of the pleura

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86
Q

pneumatocele

A

hernia of the lung

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87
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

abnormal condition of dust in the lungs

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88
Q

pneumonia

A

diseased state of the lung

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89
Q

pneumonitis

A

inflammation of the lung

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90
Q

pneumothorax

A

air in the chest (pleural space), which causes collapse of the lung

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91
Q

pulmonary neoplasm

A

pertaining to the lung, new growth (tumor)

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92
Q

pyothorax

A

pus in the chest

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93
Q

rhinitis

A

inflammation of the nose

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94
Q

rhinomycosis

A

abnormal condition of fungus in the nose

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95
Q

rhinorrhagia

A

rapid flow of blood from the nose

96
Q

thoracalgia

A

pain in the chest

97
Q

tonsillitis

A

inflammation of the tonsils

98
Q

tracheitis

A

inflammation of the trachea

99
Q

tracheostenosis

A

narrowing of the trachea

100
Q

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A

respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury

101
Q

asthma

A

respiratory disease chracterized by paroxysms of coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, which is caused by constriction of airways that is reversible between attacks

102
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

a progressive lung disease that resticts the air flow, which makes breathing difficult. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are the two main compnents of COPD

103
Q

coccidiodomycosis

A

fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body

104
Q

cor pulmonale

A

serious cardiac disease associated with chronic lung disorders, such as emphysema

105
Q

croup

A

condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx

106
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

hereditary disorder of exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract pancreatic deficiency, and other symptoms

107
Q

deviated septum

A

one part of the nasal cavity is smalller because of malformation or injury of the nasal cavity

108
Q

emphysema

A

stretching of the lung tissuecaused by the alveoli becoming distended and losing elasticity

109
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

110
Q

influenza

A

highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a virus

111
Q

legionnaire disease

A

a lobar pneumonia caused by the bacterium legionella pneuophila

112
Q

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

A

repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to absenceof breathing; can produce daytime drowsiness and elevated blood pressure

113
Q

Pertussis

A

Highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by an acute crowing inspiration, or whoop (also called whooping cough)

114
Q

pleural effusion

A

fluid in the pleural space caused by a disease process or trauma

115
Q

pulmonary edema

A

fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles

116
Q

pulmonary embolism (PE)

A

matter forgein to the circulation, carried to the pulmonary artery and its branches, where it blocks circulation to the lungs and can be fatal if of sufficient size or number.

117
Q

Tuberculosis

A

an infectious disease, caused by an acid-fast bacillus, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs

118
Q

upper respiratory infection (URI)

A

infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx (commonly called a cold)

119
Q

Adenoidectomy

A

excision of the adenoids

120
Q

adenotome

A

surgical instrument used to cut the adenoids

121
Q

bronchoplasty

A

surgical repair of a bronchus

122
Q

laryngectomy

A

excision of the larynx

123
Q

laryngoplasty

A

surgical repair of the larynx

124
Q

laryngostomy

A

creation of an artifical opening into the larynx

125
Q

laryngotracheotomy

A

incision of the larynx and trachea

126
Q

lobectomy

A

excision of a lobe (of the lung)

127
Q

pleuropexy

A

surgical fixation of the pleura

128
Q

pneumobronchotomy

A

incision of lung and bronchus

129
Q

pneumonectomy

A

excision of a lung

130
Q

rhinoplasty

A

surgical repair of the nose

131
Q

septoplasty

A

incision into the nasal septum

132
Q

sinusotomy

A

incision of a sinus

133
Q

thoracocentesis

A

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the chest cavity

134
Q

thoracotomy

A

incision in the chest cavity

135
Q

tonsillectomy

A

excision of the tonsils

136
Q

tracheoplasty

A

surgical repair of the trachea

137
Q

tracheostomy

A

creation of an artifical opening into the trachea

138
Q

tracheotomy

A

incision of the trachea

139
Q

bronchoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the bronchi

140
Q

bronchoscopy

A

visual examination of the bronchi

141
Q

endoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination within

142
Q

endoscopic

A

pertaining to visual examination within

143
Q

endoscopy

A

visual examination within

144
Q

laryngoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the larynx

145
Q

laryngoscopy

A

visual examination of the larynx

146
Q

capnometer

A

instrument used to measure carbon dioxide

147
Q

oximeter

A

instrument used to measure oxygen

148
Q

spirometer

A

instrument used to measure breathing (or lung volume)

149
Q

spriometry

A

a measurement of breathing (lung volume)

150
Q

polysomnography (PSG)

A

process of recording many tests during sleep

151
Q

chest computed tomography (CT) scan

A

computerized images of the chest created in sections sliced from front to back. Performed to diagnose tumors, abscesses, and pleural effusion. Computed tomography is used to visualize other body parts such as the abdomen and the brain.

152
Q

Chest radiograph (CXR)

A

a radiographic image of the chest performed to evaluate the lungs and the heart (also called a chest x-ray)

153
Q

ventilation-perfusion scanning (VPS)

A

a nuclear medicine precedure performed to diagnose a pulmonary embolism and other conditions

154
Q

acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear

A

a test performed on septum to determine the presence of acid-fast bacilli, which cause tuberculosis

155
Q

arterial blood gases (ABGs)

A

a test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases present

156
Q

peak flow meter (PFM)

A

a portable instrument used to measure how fast air can be pushed out the lung; used to help monitor asthma and adjust medication accordingly

157
Q

pulmonary function test (PFTs)

A

a group of tests performed to measure breathing and used to determing respiratory function

158
Q

pulse oximetry

A

a noninvasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood by using a device that attaches to the finertip

159
Q

auscultation

A

the act of listening for sounds within the body through a stethoscope.

160
Q

percussion

A

the act of tapping of a body surface with the fingers to determine the density of te part beneath by the sound obtained. The dull sound indicates the presence of fluid in a body space or cavity such as in the pleural space

161
Q

PPD (purified protein derivative) skin test

A

a test performed on individuals who have recently been exposed to tuberculosis.

162
Q

stethoscope

A

an instrument used to hear internal body sounds; used for performing auscultation and blood pressure measurement

163
Q

acapnia

A

condition of absence (less than normal level) of carbon dioxide (in the blood)

164
Q

alveolar

A

pertaining to the alveolus

165
Q

anoxia

A

condition of the absence (deficiency) of oxygen

166
Q

aphonia

A

condition of absence of voice

167
Q

apnea

A

absence of breathing

168
Q

bronchoalveolar

A

pertaining to the bronchi and alveoli

169
Q

bronchospasm

A

spasmodic contraction in the bronchi

170
Q

diaphragmatic

A

pertaining to the diaphragm

171
Q

dysphonia

A

condition of difficult speaking (voice)

172
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult breathing

173
Q

endotracheal

A

pertaining to within the trachea

174
Q

eupnea

A

normal breathing

175
Q

hypercapnia

A

condition of excess carbon dioxide (in the blood)

176
Q

hypernea

A

exessive breathing

177
Q

hypocapnia

A

condition of deficient carbon dioxide (in the blood)

178
Q

hyponea

A

deficient breathing

179
Q

hypoxemia

A

condition of deficient oxygen in the blood

180
Q

hypoxia

A

condition of deficient oxyen (to the tissue)

181
Q

intrapleural

A

pertaining to within the pleura (space between the two pleural membranes)

182
Q

laryngeal

A

pertaining to the larynx

183
Q

laryngospasm

A

spasmodic contraction of the larynx

184
Q

mucoid

A

resembling mucus

185
Q

mucous

A

pertaining to mucus

186
Q

nasopharyngeal

A

pertaining to the nose and pharynx

187
Q

orthopnea

A

able to breathe easier in a straight (upright) position

188
Q

phrenalgia

A

pain in the diaphragm

189
Q

phrenospasm

A

spasm of the diaphragm

190
Q

pulmonary

A

pertaining to the lungs

191
Q

pulmonologist

A

a physician who studies and treats diseases of the lung

192
Q

pulmnology

A

study of the lung (a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the lung)

193
Q

rhinorrhea

A

discharge from the nose (as in a cold)

194
Q

tachypnea

A

rapid breathing

195
Q

thoracic

A

pertaining to the chest

196
Q

airway

A

passageway by which air enters and leaves the lungs as well as a mechanical device used to keep the air passageway unobstructed

197
Q

asphyxia

A

deprivation of oxygen for tissue usel suffocation

198
Q

aspirate

A

to withdraw fluid or suction fluid; also to draw foreign material into the respiratory tract

199
Q

bronchoconstrictor

A

agent causing narrowing of the bronchi

200
Q

bronchodilator

A

agent causing the bronchi to widen

201
Q

cough

A

sudden, noisy expulsion of air from the lungs

202
Q

hiccup

A

sudden catching of breath with a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm

203
Q

hyperventilation

A

ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs

204
Q

hypoventilation

A

ventilation of the lungs that does not fullfill the body’s gas exchange needs

205
Q

mucopurulent

A

containing both mucus and pus

206
Q

mucus

A

slimy fluid secreted by the mucous membranes

207
Q

nebulizer

A

device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment

208
Q

nosocomial infection

A

an infection acquired during hospitalization

209
Q

paroxysm

A

periodic, sudden attack

210
Q

patent

A

open, the opposite of closed or compromised, thus allowing passage of air, as in patent trachea and bronchi

211
Q

sputum

A

muccous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth

212
Q

ventilator

A

mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing

213
Q

ABGs

A

arterial blood gases

214
Q

AFB

A

acid-fast bacilli

215
Q

ARDS

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome

216
Q

CF

A

cystic fibrosis

217
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

218
Q

CT

A

computed tomography

219
Q

CXR

A

chest radiograph

220
Q

flu

A

influenza

221
Q

LLL

A

left lower lobe

222
Q

LTB

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis

223
Q

LUL

A

Left Upper Lobe

224
Q

OSA

A

obstructive sleep disorder

225
Q

PE

A

pulmonary embolism

226
Q

PFM

A

peak flow meter

227
Q

PFTs

A

pulmonary function test

228
Q

PSG

A

polysomnography

229
Q

RLL

A

Right Lower Lobe

230
Q

RML

A

Right Middle Lobe

231
Q

RUL

A

Right Upper Lobe

232
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

233
Q

TB

A

tuberculosis

234
Q

URI

A

Upper respiratory infection

235
Q

VPS

A

ventilation-perfussion scanning

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

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