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Medical Terminology > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

epidermis

A

outer layer of the skin

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2
Q

keratin

A

horny, or cornified, layer composed of protein. It is contained in the hair, skin and nails

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3
Q

melanin

A

color, or pigmentation of the skin

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4
Q

dermis

A

inner layer of skin (also called the true skin)

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5
Q

sudoriferous (sweat) glands

A

tiny, coiled, tubular structures, that emerge through pores on the skin’s surface and secrete sweat

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6
Q

sebaceous glands

A

secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis

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7
Q

hair

A

compressed, keratinized cells that arise from hair follicles, the sacs that enclose the hair fibers

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8
Q

nails

A

originate in the epidermis. Nails are found on the upper surface of the ends of the fingers and toes. The white area at the base of the nail is called the lunula or moon

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9
Q

cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o

A

skin

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10
Q

hidr/o

A

sweat

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11
Q

kerat/o

A

horny tissue, hard

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12
Q

onych/o, ungu/o

A

nail

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13
Q

seb/o

A

sebum (oil)

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14
Q

trich/o

A

hair

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15
Q

a

A

noun suffix, no meaning

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16
Q

coccus (pl. cocci)

A

berry-shaped (form of bacterium)

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17
Q

ectomy

A

exicision or surgical removal

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18
Q

ia

A

diseased or abnormal state, condition of

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19
Q

itis

A

inflammation

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20
Q

malacia

A

softening

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21
Q

opsy

A

view or, viewing

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22
Q

phagia

A

eating or swallowing

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23
Q

plasty

A

surgical repair

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24
Q

rrhea

A

flow, discharge

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25
Q

tome

A

instrument used to cut

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26
Q

dermatitis

A

inflammatino of the skin

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27
Q

dermatoconiosis

A

abnormal conditino of the skin caused by dust

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28
Q

dermatofibroma

A

fibrous tumor of the skin

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29
Q

hidradentitis

A

inflammation of a sweat gland

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30
Q

leiodermia

A

condition of smooth skin

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31
Q

onychocryptosis

A

abnormal condition of a hidden nail (also called ingrown nail)

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32
Q

leukoderma

A

white skin (white patches caused by depigmentation)

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33
Q

onychomalacia

A

softening of the nails

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34
Q

onychomycosis

A

eating the nails (nail biting)

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35
Q

pachyderma

A

thickening of the skin

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36
Q

paronychia (note the a from para has been dropped. The final vowel ina prefix may be dropped when the word to which it is added begins with a vowel.

A

dieased state around the nail

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37
Q

seborrhea

A

discharge of sebum (excessive)

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38
Q

trichomycosis

A

abnormal condition of a fungus in the hair

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39
Q

xeroderma

A

dry skin (a mild form of cutaneous disorder characterized by keratinization and noninflammatory scaling)

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40
Q

abrasion

A

scraping away of the skin by mechanical process or injury

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41
Q

abcess

A

localized collection of pus

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42
Q

acne

A

inflammatory disease of the skin involving the sabaceous glands and hair follicles

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43
Q

actinic keratosis

A

a precancerous skin condition of horny tissue formation that results from excessive exposure to sunlight. It may evolve into a squamous cell carcinoma.

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44
Q

albinism

A

congenital hereditary condition characterized by partial or total lack of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes.

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45
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

epithelial tumor arising from the epidermis. It seldom metastasizes but invades local tissue. Common in individuals who have had excessive sun exposure.

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46
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

A

a cancerous condition starting as purple or brown papules on the lower extremeties that spreads through the skin to the lymph nodes and internal orgrans. Frequently seen with AIDS

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47
Q

laceration

A

torn, ragged-edged wound

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48
Q

lesion

A

any visible change in tissue resulting from inury or disease. It is a broad term that includes sores, wounds, ulcers and tumors.

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49
Q

MRSA infection

A

Invasion of body tissue by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a strain of common bacteria that has developed resistance to penicillin and other antibiotics. It can produce skin and soft tissue infections and sometimes bloodstream infections and pneumonia, which can be fatal if not treated. MRSA is quite common in hospitals and long-term facilities but is increasingly emerging as an important infection in the general population.

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50
Q

pediculosis

A

invasion into the skin and hair by lice

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51
Q

psoriasis

A

chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales

52
Q

rosacea

A

chronic disorder of the skin that produces erythema, papules, pustules, and broken blood vessels, usually occurring on the central area of the face in people older than 30 years (also called acne rosacea)

53
Q

scabies

A

skin infection caused by the itch mite, characterized by papule eruptions that are caused by the female burrowing into the outer layer of the skin and laying eggs. This condition is accompanied by sever itching.

54
Q

scleroderma

A

a disease characterized by chronic hardening (induration) of the connective tissue of the skin and other body organs,

55
Q

squamous cell carncinoma (SqCCA)

A

a malignant growth that develops from scalelike epithelial tissue. Unlike basal cell carcinoma, there is a significant potential for metastasis. The most frequent cause is chronic exposure to sunlight.

56
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

a chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin, joints, kidneys, and nervous system. This auto immune disease is characterized by periouds of remission and exacerbations. It also may affect other organs.

57
Q

tinea

A

fungal infection of the skin. The fungi may infect keratin of the skin, hair and nails. Infectinos are classified by body regions such as tinea capitis (scalp) tinea corporis (body) and tinea pedis (foot). Tinea in general is also called ringworm and tinea pedis specifically is also called athlete’s foot.

58
Q

urticaria

A

an itching skin eruption composed of wheals of varying size and shape, which usually resolves in a shor period of time. While often idiopathic, urticaria is sometimes associated with infections and with allergic reactions to food, medicine or other agents. Other causes include internal diseaes, physical stimuli and genetic disorders (also called hives)

59
Q

vitiligo

A

white patches on the skin caused by the destruction of melanocytes associated with autoimmune disorders

60
Q

biopsy (bx)

A

view of life (the removal of living tissue from the body to be viewed under the microscope)

61
Q

excisional biopsy

A

removes the entire lesion along with a margin of surrounding tissue

62
Q

punch biopsy

A

removes a cylindrical portion of tissue with a specifically designed round knife.

63
Q

shave biopsy

A

removes a sample of tissue with a cut parallel to the surrounding skin

64
Q

dermatoautoplasty

A

surgical repair using one’s own skin (skin graft) (also called autograft)

65
Q

dermatoheteroplasty

A

surgical repair using skin from others (skin graft) (also called allograft)

66
Q

dermatome

A

instrument used to cut skin (in thin slices for skin grafts)

67
Q

dermatoplasty

A

surgical repair of the skin

68
Q

onychectomy

A

excision of a nail

69
Q

rhytidectomy

A

excision of wrinkles (also called facelift)

70
Q

rhytidoplasty

A

surgical repair of wrinkles

71
Q

cauterization

A

destruction of tissue with a hot or cold instrument, electric current, or caustic substance (also called cautery)

72
Q

cryosurgery

A

destruction of tissue by using extreme cold, often by using liquid nitrogen

73
Q

debridement

A

removal of contaminated or dead tissue and foreign matter from an open wound

74
Q

dermabrasion

A

procedure to remove skin scars with abrasive material, such as sandpaper

75
Q

excision

A

removal by cutting

76
Q

incision

A

surgical cut or wound produced by a sharp instrument

77
Q

incision and drainage (I & D)

A

surgical cut made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a lesion, wound or cavity

78
Q

laser surgery

A

procedure using an instrument that emits a high-powered beam of light used to cut, burn, vaporize, or destroy tissue

79
Q

Mohs surgery

A

technique or microscopically controlled serial excisions of skin cancers

80
Q

suturing

A

to stich edges of a wound surgically

81
Q

dermatologist

A

a physician who studies and treats skin (diseases)

82
Q

dermatology (derm)

A

study of the skin (a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of skin disease)

83
Q

epidermal

A

pertaining to upon the skin

84
Q

erythroderma

A

red skin (abnormal redness of the skin)

85
Q

hypodermic

A

pertaining to under the skin

86
Q

intradermal

A

pertaining to within the skin

87
Q

keratogenic

A

originating in horny tissue

88
Q

necrosis

A

abnormal condition of death (cells and tissue die because of disease)

89
Q

percutaneous

A

pertaining to through the skin

90
Q

Staphylococcus

A

berry-shaped (bacterium) in grapelike clusters (thse bacteria cause many skin diseases)

91
Q

streptococcus (pl. streptococci)

A

berry-shaped (bacterium) in twisted chains

92
Q

subcutaneous (subcut)

A

pertaining to under the skin

93
Q

transdermal (TD)

A

pertaining to through the skin

94
Q

ungual

A

pertaining to the nail

95
Q

xanthoderma

A

yellow skin (also called jaundice)

96
Q

alopecia

A

loss of hair

97
Q

bacteria (s. bacterium)

A

single celled micoroorganisms that reproduce by cell division and may cause infection by invading body tissue

98
Q

cicatrix

A

scar

99
Q

cyst

A

a closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material

100
Q

cytomegalovirus (CMV)

A

a herpe-type virus that usually causes disease when the immune system is compromised

101
Q

diaphoresis

A

profuse sweating

102
Q

ecchymosis (pl. ecchymoses)

A

escape of blood into the skin (or mucous membrane), causing a small, flat, purple or blue discoloration, as may occur when blood is withdrawn by a needle and syringe from an arm vein

103
Q

edema

A

puffy swelling of tissue from the accumulation of fluid

104
Q

erythema

A

redness

105
Q

fugus (pl. fungi)

A

organism that feeds by absorbing organic molecules from its surrounding and may cause infection by invading body tissue; single-celled fungi (yeast) reproduce by budding, mulicelled fungi (mold) reproduce by spore formation

106
Q

induration

A

abnormal hard spot(s)

107
Q

jaundice

A

condition characterized by a yellow tinge to the skin (also called xanthoderma)

108
Q

keloid

A

overgrowth of scar tissue

109
Q

leukoplakia

A

condition characterized by white spots or patches on mucous membrane, which may be precancerous

110
Q

macule

A

flat, covered spot on the skin

111
Q

nevus (pl. nevi)

A

circumscribed malformation of the skin, usually brown, black or flesh colored. A congenital nevus is present at births and is referred to as a birthmark (also called a mole)

112
Q

nodule

A

a small, knotlike mass that can be felt by touch

113
Q

pallor

A

small, solid skin elevation

114
Q

papule

A

a pinpoint skin hemorrhage

115
Q

petechia (pl. petechia)

A

a pinpoint skin hemorrhage

116
Q

pressure ulcer (decub)

A

erosion of the skin caused by prolonged pressure, often occurring in bedridden patients (also called decubitus ulcer or bed sore)

117
Q

pruritus

A

severe itching

118
Q

purpura

A

small hemorrhages in the skin (or mucous membrane) giving a purple-red discoloration; associated with blood disorders or vascular abnormalities

119
Q

pustule

A

elevation of skin containing pus

120
Q

ulcer

A

erosion of the skin or mucous membrane

121
Q

macule

A

flat, colored spot on the skin (freckle)

122
Q

papule

A

small, solid skin elevation (skin tag, basal cell carcinoma)

123
Q

nodule

A

a small, knotlike mass (lipoma, metastic carcinoma, rheumatoid nodule)

124
Q

wheal

A

round, itchy elevation of the skin (urticaria or hive)

125
Q

vesicle

A

small elevation of epidermis containing liquid (herpes zoster-shingles, herpes simplex, contact dermatitis)

126
Q

pustule

A

elevation of the skin containing pus (impetigo, acne)

127
Q

cyst

A

a closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material (acne)

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

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