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Medical Terminology > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Testis, or testicle (pl. testes, or testicles)

A

primary male sex organs, paired, oval-shaped, and enclosed in a sac called the scrotum. The testes produce spermatozoa (sperm cells) and the hormone testosterone.

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2
Q

sperm (spermatozoon, pl. spermatozoa)

A

The microscopic male germ cell, which when unite with the ovum, produces a zygote (fertilized egg) that with subsequent development becomes an embryo.

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3
Q

Testosterone

A

the principal male sex hormone. Its chief function is to stimulate the development of the male reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics such as facial hair.

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4
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

approximately 900 coiled tubes within the testes in which spermatogenesis occurs

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5
Q

epididymis

A

coiled duct atop each of the testes that provides for storage, transit, and maturation of spermatozoa; continuous with the vas deferens

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6
Q

vas deferens, ductus deferens, or seminal duct

A

duct carrying the sperm from the epididymis to the urethra. The spermatic cord encloses each vas deferens with nerves, lymphatics, arteries, and veins. The urethra also conects with the urinary bladder and carries urine outstide the body. A circular muscle constricts during intercourse to prevent urination.

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7
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

Two main glands located at the base of the bladder that open into the vas deferens. The glands secrete a thick fluid, which forms part of the semen.

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8
Q

Prostate gland

A

encricles the upper end of the urethra. The prostate gland secretes a fluid that aids in ejaculation.

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9
Q

Scrotum

A

Sac suspended on both sides of and just behind the penis. The testes are enclosed in the scrotum.

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10
Q

Penis

A

male organ of urination and copulation (sexual intercourse)

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11
Q

glans penis

A

enlarged tip on the end of the penis

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12
Q

prepuce

A

fold of skin covering the glans penis in uncircumcised males (foreskin of the penis)

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13
Q

semen

A

composed of sperm, seminal fluids, and other secretions

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14
Q

genitalia (genitals)

A

reproductive organs (male or female)

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15
Q

balan/o

A

glans penis

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16
Q

epididym/o

A

epididymis

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17
Q

orchid/o, orchi/o, orch/o, test/o

A

testis, testicle

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18
Q

prostat/o

A

prostate gland

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19
Q

vas/o

A

vessel, duct

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20
Q

vesicul/o

A

seminal vesicle

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21
Q

andr/o

A

male

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22
Q

sperm/o, spermat/o

A

spermatozoon (pl. spermatozoa), sperm

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23
Q

NAME?

A

state of

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24
Q

anorchism (an-OR-kizm)

A

state of absence of testis (unilateral or bilateral)

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25
Q

balanitis (bal-a-NI-tis)

A

inflammation of the glans penis

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26
Q

balanorrhea (bal-a-no-RE-a)

A

discharge from the glans penis

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27
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (be-NIN pro-TAT-ik hi-per-PLA-zha)

A

excessive development pertaining to the prostate gland (nonmalignant englargement of the prostate gland)

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28
Q

cryptorchidism (krip-TOR-ki-diz-m)

A

state of hidden testes.

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29
Q

epididymitis (ep-i-did-i-MI-tis)

A

inflammation of an epididymis

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30
Q

orchiepididymitis (or-ke-ep-i-did-i-MI-tis)

A

inflammation of the testis and epididymis

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31
Q

orchitis (or-KI-tis), orchiditis (or-ki-DI-tis), or testitis (tes-TI-tis)

A

inflammation of the testis or testicle

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32
Q

prostatitis (pros-ta-TI-tis)

A

inflammation of the prostate gland

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33
Q

prostatocystitis (pros-ta-to-sis-TI-tis)

A

inflammation of the prostate gland and bladder

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34
Q

prostatolith (pros-TAT-o-lith)

A

stone in the prostate gland

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35
Q

prostatorrhea (pros-ta-to-RE-a)

A

discharge from the prostate gland

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36
Q

prostatovesiculitis (pros-ta-to-ves-ik-u-LI-tis)

A

inflammation of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles

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37
Q

erectile dysfunction (ED) (e-RIK-til dis_FUNK-shun)

A

the inability of the male to attain or maintain an erection sufficient to perform sexual intercourse (formerly called impotence)

38
Q

hydrocele (HI-dro-sel)

A

scrotal swelling caused by a collection of fluid

39
Q

phimosis (fi-MO-sis)

A

a tightness of the prepuce (foreskin of the penis) that prevents its retraction over the glans penis; it may be congenital or a result of balanitis. Circumcision is the usual treatment.

40
Q

priapism (PRI-a-piz-m)

A

persistent abnormal erection of the penis accompanied by pain and tenderness

41
Q

prostate cancer (PROS-tat KAN-cer)

A

cancer of the prostate gland, usually occuring later in life. most common cancer in men, most are adenocarcinomas, arising from epithelial cells.

42
Q

testicular cancer (tes-TIK-u-ler KAN-cer)

A

cancer of the testicle, usually occuring in men 15 to 35 years of age

43
Q

Testicular torsion (tes-TIK-u-ler TOR-shun)

A

twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased blood flow to the testis; occurs most often during puberty and often presents with a sudden onset of severe testicular or scrotal pain. Because of lack of blood flow to the testis, it is often considered a surgical emergency

44
Q

varicocele (VAR-i-ko-sel)

A

enlarged veins of the spermatic cord.

45
Q

balanoplasty (BAL-a-no-plas-te)

A

surgical repair of the glans penis

46
Q

epididymectomy (ep-i-did-i-MEK-to-me)

A

excision of an epididymis

47
Q

orchidectomy (or-kid-EK-to-me), orchiectomy (or-ke-to-me)

A

excision of the testis (bilateral orchidectomy also is called castration)

48
Q

orchidopexy (OR-kid-o-pek-se), orchiopexy (OR-ke-o-pek-se)

A

surgical fixation of a testicle (performed to bring undescended testicle into the scrotum)

49
Q

orchidotomy (or-kid-OT-o-me), orchiotomy (or-ke-OT-o-me)

A

incision into a testis

50
Q

orchioplasty (OR-ke-o-plas-te)

A

surgical repair of the testis

51
Q

prostatectomy (pros-ta-TEK-to-me)

A

excision of the prostate gland

52
Q

prostatocystotomy (pros-tat-o-sis-TOT–o-me)

A

incision into the prostate gland and bladder

53
Q

prostatolithotomy (pros-tat-o-li-THOT-o-me)

A

incision into the prostate gland to remove a stone

54
Q

prostatovesiculectomy (pros-tat-o-ves-ik-u-LEK-to-me)

A

excision of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles

55
Q

vasectomy (va-SEK-to-me)

A

excision of a duct (partial excision of the vas deferens bilaterally, resulting in male sterilization)

56
Q

vasovasostomy (vas-o-va-ZOS-to-me)

A

creation of artifical opening between ducts

57
Q

vesiculectomy (ve-sik-u-LEK-to-me)

A

excision of the seminal vesicles

58
Q

circumcision (ser-kum-SI-zhun)

A

surgical removal of the prepuce (foreskin)

59
Q

hydrocelectomy (hi-dro-se-LEK-to-me)

A

surgical removal of a hydrocele

60
Q

radical prostatectomy (RP) (RAD-i-kel pros-ta-TEK-to-me)

A

excision of the prostate gland with its capsule, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and sometimes pelvic lymph nodes; performed by a retropubic or perineal approach, or laparoscopically; used to treat prostate cancer

61
Q

suprapubic prostatectomy (su-pra-PU-bik pros-ta-TEK-to-me)

A

excision of the prostate gland through an abdominal incision made above the pubic bone and through an incision in the bladder; used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer

62
Q

transurethral incision of the prostate gland (TUIP) (trans-u-RE-thral in-SIZH-en PROS-tat)

A

a surgical procedure that widens the urethra by making a few small incisions in the bladder neck and the prostate gland. No prostate tissue is removed. TUIP may be used instead of TURP when the prostate gland is less enlarged.

63
Q

transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) (trans-u-RE-thral MI-kro-wav ther-mo-THER-a-pe)

A

a treatment that eliminates excess tissue present in benign prostatic hyperplasia by using heat generated by microwave

64
Q

transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP) (trans-u-RE-thral re-SEK-shun PROS-tat)

A

surgical removal of pieces of the prostate gland tissue by using a resectoscope inserted through the urethra. The capsule is left intact; usually performed when the enlarged prostate interfers with urination

65
Q

transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) (trans-REK-tal UL-tra-sound)

A

an ultrasound procedure used to diagnose prostate cancer. Sound waves are sent and received by a transducer in the form of a probe that is placed into the rectum. The sound waves are transformed into an image of the prostate gland.

66
Q

prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (PROS-tat spe-SIF-ik AN-ti-jen)

A

a blood test taht measures the level of prosate-specific antigen in the blood. Elevated test results may indicate the presence of prostate cancer or excess prostate tissue, as found in benign prostate hyperplasia.

67
Q

semen analysis (SE-men a-NAL-i-sis)

A

microscopic observation of ejaculated semen, revealing the size, structure, and movement of sperm; used to evaluate male infertility and to determine the effectiveness of a vasectomy (also called sperm count and sperm test)

68
Q

digital rectal examination (DRE) (DIJ-i-tal REK-tal eg-zam-i-NA-shun)

A

a physical examination in which the physician inserts a finger into the rectum and feels for the size and shape of the prostate gland through the rectal wall. Used to screen for BPH and cancer of the prostate. BPH usually presents as a unifrom, nontender enlargement, whereas cancer usually presents as a stony hard nodule.

69
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

a disease that affects the body’s immune system, transmitted by excahnge of body fluid.

70
Q

Artificial insemination

A

introduction of semen into the vagina by artifical means

71
Q

azoospermia

A

lack of live sperm in the semen

72
Q

chlamydia

A

a sexually transmitted disease. symptoms are painful urination and discharge from the penis in men and fential itching, vaginal discharge, and bleeding between periods for women.

73
Q

coitus (KO-i–tus)

A

sexual intercourse between male and female (also called copulation)

74
Q

condom

A

cover woren during sexual intercourse to prevent conception and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases

75
Q

ejaculation

A

ejection of semen from the male urethra

76
Q

gential herpes

A

sexual transmitted disease

77
Q

gonads

A

male and female sex glands

78
Q

gonorrhea

A

contagious, inflammatory sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterial organism that affects the mucous membranes of the genitourinary system

79
Q

heterosexual

A

a person that is attracted to a member of the opposite sex

80
Q

homosexual

A

person who is attracted to a member of the same sex

81
Q

AIDS

A

Acquired immunodefciency syndrome

82
Q

BPH

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

83
Q

DRE

A

digital rectal examination

84
Q

ED

A

erectile dysfunction

85
Q

HIV

A

human immunodeficiency virus

86
Q

PSA

A

prostate specific anitgen

87
Q

RP

A

radical prostatectomy

88
Q

STD

A

sexually transmitted disease

89
Q

TRUS

A

transrectal ultrasound

90
Q

TUIP

A

transunrethral incision of the prostate

91
Q

TUMT

A

trans urethral microwave thermotherapy

92
Q

TURP

A

transurethral resection of the prostate

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

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