Male Reproductive System Flashcards
Testis, or testicle (pl. testes, or testicles)
primary male sex organs, paired, oval-shaped, and enclosed in a sac called the scrotum. The testes produce spermatozoa (sperm cells) and the hormone testosterone.
sperm (spermatozoon, pl. spermatozoa)
The microscopic male germ cell, which when unite with the ovum, produces a zygote (fertilized egg) that with subsequent development becomes an embryo.
Testosterone
the principal male sex hormone. Its chief function is to stimulate the development of the male reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics such as facial hair.
Seminiferous tubules
approximately 900 coiled tubes within the testes in which spermatogenesis occurs
epididymis
coiled duct atop each of the testes that provides for storage, transit, and maturation of spermatozoa; continuous with the vas deferens
vas deferens, ductus deferens, or seminal duct
duct carrying the sperm from the epididymis to the urethra. The spermatic cord encloses each vas deferens with nerves, lymphatics, arteries, and veins. The urethra also conects with the urinary bladder and carries urine outstide the body. A circular muscle constricts during intercourse to prevent urination.
Seminal vesicles
Two main glands located at the base of the bladder that open into the vas deferens. The glands secrete a thick fluid, which forms part of the semen.
Prostate gland
encricles the upper end of the urethra. The prostate gland secretes a fluid that aids in ejaculation.
Scrotum
Sac suspended on both sides of and just behind the penis. The testes are enclosed in the scrotum.
Penis
male organ of urination and copulation (sexual intercourse)
glans penis
enlarged tip on the end of the penis
prepuce
fold of skin covering the glans penis in uncircumcised males (foreskin of the penis)
semen
composed of sperm, seminal fluids, and other secretions
genitalia (genitals)
reproductive organs (male or female)
balan/o
glans penis
epididym/o
epididymis
orchid/o, orchi/o, orch/o, test/o
testis, testicle
prostat/o
prostate gland
vas/o
vessel, duct
vesicul/o
seminal vesicle
andr/o
male
sperm/o, spermat/o
spermatozoon (pl. spermatozoa), sperm
NAME?
state of
anorchism (an-OR-kizm)
state of absence of testis (unilateral or bilateral)
balanitis (bal-a-NI-tis)
inflammation of the glans penis
balanorrhea (bal-a-no-RE-a)
discharge from the glans penis
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (be-NIN pro-TAT-ik hi-per-PLA-zha)
excessive development pertaining to the prostate gland (nonmalignant englargement of the prostate gland)
cryptorchidism (krip-TOR-ki-diz-m)
state of hidden testes.
epididymitis (ep-i-did-i-MI-tis)
inflammation of an epididymis
orchiepididymitis (or-ke-ep-i-did-i-MI-tis)
inflammation of the testis and epididymis
orchitis (or-KI-tis), orchiditis (or-ki-DI-tis), or testitis (tes-TI-tis)
inflammation of the testis or testicle
prostatitis (pros-ta-TI-tis)
inflammation of the prostate gland
prostatocystitis (pros-ta-to-sis-TI-tis)
inflammation of the prostate gland and bladder
prostatolith (pros-TAT-o-lith)
stone in the prostate gland
prostatorrhea (pros-ta-to-RE-a)
discharge from the prostate gland
prostatovesiculitis (pros-ta-to-ves-ik-u-LI-tis)
inflammation of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles
erectile dysfunction (ED) (e-RIK-til dis_FUNK-shun)
the inability of the male to attain or maintain an erection sufficient to perform sexual intercourse (formerly called impotence)
hydrocele (HI-dro-sel)
scrotal swelling caused by a collection of fluid
phimosis (fi-MO-sis)
a tightness of the prepuce (foreskin of the penis) that prevents its retraction over the glans penis; it may be congenital or a result of balanitis. Circumcision is the usual treatment.
priapism (PRI-a-piz-m)
persistent abnormal erection of the penis accompanied by pain and tenderness
prostate cancer (PROS-tat KAN-cer)
cancer of the prostate gland, usually occuring later in life. most common cancer in men, most are adenocarcinomas, arising from epithelial cells.
testicular cancer (tes-TIK-u-ler KAN-cer)
cancer of the testicle, usually occuring in men 15 to 35 years of age
Testicular torsion (tes-TIK-u-ler TOR-shun)
twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased blood flow to the testis; occurs most often during puberty and often presents with a sudden onset of severe testicular or scrotal pain. Because of lack of blood flow to the testis, it is often considered a surgical emergency
varicocele (VAR-i-ko-sel)
enlarged veins of the spermatic cord.
balanoplasty (BAL-a-no-plas-te)
surgical repair of the glans penis
epididymectomy (ep-i-did-i-MEK-to-me)
excision of an epididymis
orchidectomy (or-kid-EK-to-me), orchiectomy (or-ke-to-me)
excision of the testis (bilateral orchidectomy also is called castration)
orchidopexy (OR-kid-o-pek-se), orchiopexy (OR-ke-o-pek-se)
surgical fixation of a testicle (performed to bring undescended testicle into the scrotum)
orchidotomy (or-kid-OT-o-me), orchiotomy (or-ke-OT-o-me)
incision into a testis
orchioplasty (OR-ke-o-plas-te)
surgical repair of the testis
prostatectomy (pros-ta-TEK-to-me)
excision of the prostate gland
prostatocystotomy (pros-tat-o-sis-TOT–o-me)
incision into the prostate gland and bladder
prostatolithotomy (pros-tat-o-li-THOT-o-me)
incision into the prostate gland to remove a stone
prostatovesiculectomy (pros-tat-o-ves-ik-u-LEK-to-me)
excision of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles
vasectomy (va-SEK-to-me)
excision of a duct (partial excision of the vas deferens bilaterally, resulting in male sterilization)
vasovasostomy (vas-o-va-ZOS-to-me)
creation of artifical opening between ducts
vesiculectomy (ve-sik-u-LEK-to-me)
excision of the seminal vesicles
circumcision (ser-kum-SI-zhun)
surgical removal of the prepuce (foreskin)
hydrocelectomy (hi-dro-se-LEK-to-me)
surgical removal of a hydrocele
radical prostatectomy (RP) (RAD-i-kel pros-ta-TEK-to-me)
excision of the prostate gland with its capsule, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and sometimes pelvic lymph nodes; performed by a retropubic or perineal approach, or laparoscopically; used to treat prostate cancer
suprapubic prostatectomy (su-pra-PU-bik pros-ta-TEK-to-me)
excision of the prostate gland through an abdominal incision made above the pubic bone and through an incision in the bladder; used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer
transurethral incision of the prostate gland (TUIP) (trans-u-RE-thral in-SIZH-en PROS-tat)
a surgical procedure that widens the urethra by making a few small incisions in the bladder neck and the prostate gland. No prostate tissue is removed. TUIP may be used instead of TURP when the prostate gland is less enlarged.
transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) (trans-u-RE-thral MI-kro-wav ther-mo-THER-a-pe)
a treatment that eliminates excess tissue present in benign prostatic hyperplasia by using heat generated by microwave
transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP) (trans-u-RE-thral re-SEK-shun PROS-tat)
surgical removal of pieces of the prostate gland tissue by using a resectoscope inserted through the urethra. The capsule is left intact; usually performed when the enlarged prostate interfers with urination
transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) (trans-REK-tal UL-tra-sound)
an ultrasound procedure used to diagnose prostate cancer. Sound waves are sent and received by a transducer in the form of a probe that is placed into the rectum. The sound waves are transformed into an image of the prostate gland.
prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (PROS-tat spe-SIF-ik AN-ti-jen)
a blood test taht measures the level of prosate-specific antigen in the blood. Elevated test results may indicate the presence of prostate cancer or excess prostate tissue, as found in benign prostate hyperplasia.
semen analysis (SE-men a-NAL-i-sis)
microscopic observation of ejaculated semen, revealing the size, structure, and movement of sperm; used to evaluate male infertility and to determine the effectiveness of a vasectomy (also called sperm count and sperm test)
digital rectal examination (DRE) (DIJ-i-tal REK-tal eg-zam-i-NA-shun)
a physical examination in which the physician inserts a finger into the rectum and feels for the size and shape of the prostate gland through the rectal wall. Used to screen for BPH and cancer of the prostate. BPH usually presents as a unifrom, nontender enlargement, whereas cancer usually presents as a stony hard nodule.
Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
a disease that affects the body’s immune system, transmitted by excahnge of body fluid.
Artificial insemination
introduction of semen into the vagina by artifical means
azoospermia
lack of live sperm in the semen
chlamydia
a sexually transmitted disease. symptoms are painful urination and discharge from the penis in men and fential itching, vaginal discharge, and bleeding between periods for women.
coitus (KO-i–tus)
sexual intercourse between male and female (also called copulation)
condom
cover woren during sexual intercourse to prevent conception and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases
ejaculation
ejection of semen from the male urethra
gential herpes
sexual transmitted disease
gonads
male and female sex glands
gonorrhea
contagious, inflammatory sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterial organism that affects the mucous membranes of the genitourinary system
heterosexual
a person that is attracted to a member of the opposite sex
homosexual
person who is attracted to a member of the same sex
AIDS
Acquired immunodefciency syndrome
BPH
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
DRE
digital rectal examination
ED
erectile dysfunction
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
PSA
prostate specific anitgen
RP
radical prostatectomy
STD
sexually transmitted disease
TRUS
transrectal ultrasound
TUIP
transunrethral incision of the prostate
TUMT
trans urethral microwave thermotherapy
TURP
transurethral resection of the prostate
