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Medical Terminology > Body Position & Integumentary > Flashcards

Body Position & Integumentary Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Term

A

Definition

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2
Q

anter/o

A

front

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3
Q

caudo/o

A

tail (downward)

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4
Q

cephal/0

A

head (upward)

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5
Q

dist/o

A

away (from the point of attachment of a body part)

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6
Q

dors/o

A

back

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7
Q

infer/o

A

below

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8
Q

later/o

A

side

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9
Q

medi/o

A

middle

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10
Q

poster/o

A

back, behind

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11
Q

proxim/o

A

near (the point of attachment of a body part)

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12
Q

super/o

A

above

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13
Q

ventr/o

A

belly (front)

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14
Q

bi-

A

two

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15
Q

uni-

A

one

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16
Q

ad

A

toward

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17
Q

ior

A

pertaining to

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18
Q

caudad

A

toward the tail (downward)

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19
Q

cephalad

A

toward the head (upward)

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20
Q

lateral (lat)

A

pertaining to the side

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21
Q

medial (med)

A

pertaining to the middle

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22
Q

unilateral

A

pertaining to one side (only)

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23
Q

bilateral

A

pertaining to two sides

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24
Q

mediolateral

A

pertaining to the middle and to the side

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25
Q

distal

A

pertaining to away (from the point of attachment of a body part)

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26
Q

proximal

A

pertaining to near (to the point of attachment of a body part)

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27
Q

inferior (inf)

A

pertaining to below

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28
Q

superior (sup)

A

pertaining to above

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29
Q

caudal

A

pertaining to the tail (similar to inferior in most instances related to human anatomy)

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30
Q

cephalic

A

pertaining to the head

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31
Q

anterior (ant)

A

pertaining to the front

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32
Q

posterior

A

pertaining to the back

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33
Q

dorsal

A

pertaining to the back

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34
Q

ventral

A

pertaining to the belly (front)

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35
Q

anteroposterior (AP)

A

pertaining to the front and to the back

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36
Q

posteroanterior (PA)

A

pertaining to the back and to the front

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37
Q

frontal or coronal

A

vertical field passing through the body from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions

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38
Q

midsagittal

A

vertical field running through the body from front to back at the midline, dividin the body equally into right and left halves

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39
Q

parasagittal

A

vertical field running through the body from front to back, dividing the body into right and left sides (any plane parallel to the midsagittal plane)

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40
Q

transverse

A

horizontal field dividing the body into superior and inferior portions

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41
Q

midline

A

an imaginary line that seperates the body, or body parts, into halves. In medical language, midline is used as a common reference point.

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42
Q

Fowler position

A

semi-sitting position with slight elevation of the knees

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43
Q

lithotomy position

A

lying on back with legs raised and feet in stirrups

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44
Q

orthopnea position

A

sitting erect in a chair or sitting upright in bed supported by pillows behind the head and chest (also called orthopneic position)

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45
Q

prone position

A

lying on abdomen, facing downward (head may be turned to one side)

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46
Q

recumbent position

A

lying down in any position

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47
Q

Sims position

A

lying on left side with right knee drawn up and with left arm drawn begind parallel to the back

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48
Q

supine position

A

lying on back, facing upward

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49
Q

Trendelenburg position

A

lying on back with body tilted so that the head is lower than the feet

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50
Q

high Fowler

A

upright position at approximately 90 degrees

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51
Q

Fowler

A

indicating an angle between 45 degrees and 60 degrees

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52
Q

semi-Fowler

A

30 degrees to 45 degrees

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53
Q

low Fowler

A

where the head is slightly elevated

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54
Q

umbilical region

A

around the navel (umbilicus)

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55
Q

lumbar regions

A

to the right and left of the umbilical region, near the waist

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56
Q

epigastric region

A

superior to the umbilical region, generally above the stomach

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57
Q

hypochondriac regions

A

to the right and left of the epigastric region

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58
Q

hypogastric region

A

inferior to the umbilical region

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59
Q

iliac regions

A

to the right and left of the hypogastric region, near the groin (also called inguinal regions)

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60
Q

umbilicus

A

derived from the Latin umbro (protuberant part of a shield) raised or depressed spot in the middle of anything

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61
Q

Hypochodriac

A

derived from the Greek hypo (under) and chondros (cartilage) Hippocrates referred to the region just below the cartilages of the ribs. People who experienced discomfort in this area but had no organic findings. Now, a person who falsely believes he or she has an illness is regerred to as a hypochodriac

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62
Q

Cyberchondria

A

emerged in 2000 as a term describing a pattern of using internet research to self diagnose symptoms, fueling health anxiety and worry

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63
Q

right upper quadrant (RUQ)

A

refers to the area encompassing the right lobe of the liver, the gallblader, part of the pancreas, and portions of the small and large intestines

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64
Q

left upper quadrant (LUQ)

A

referes to the area encompassing the left lobe of the liver, the stomach, the spleen, part of the pancreas, and portions of the small and large intestines

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65
Q

right lower quadrant (RLQ)

A

refers to the area encompassing portions of the small and large intestines, the appendix, the right ureter, and the right ovary and uterine tube in women or the right spermatic duct in men

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66
Q

left lower quadrant (LLQ)

A

refers to the area encompassing portions of the small and large intestines, the left ureter, and the left ovary and uterine tube in women or the left spermatic duct in men

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67
Q

Temporal palpating

A

palpate over the temporal bone on each side of the head lateral to each eyebrow

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68
Q

Carotid palpating

A

palpate the anterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, just medial and inferior to the angle of the jaw. To avoid reduction of blood flow, do not palpate right and left carotid pulses simultaneously

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69
Q

Brachial palpating

A

palpate in the groove between the biceps and tricept, just medial to the biceps tendon

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70
Q

Radial palpating

A

palpate lateral and anterior side of wrist, proximal to the first metacarpal phalangeal joint

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71
Q

Femoral palpating

A

This pulse is inferior to the inquinal ligament; if the patient is obese, the pulse is found midway between anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle

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72
Q

Dorsalis pedis palpating

A

Lightly palpate the dorsal surface of the foot, with the foot slightly dorsiflexed

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73
Q

Posterior tibial palpating

A

This pulse is found posterior and slightly inferior to the medial malleolus of the ankle

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74
Q

epidermis

A

outer layer of the skin

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75
Q

keratin

A

horny, or cornified, layer composed of protein. It is contained in the hair, skin and nails

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76
Q

melanin

A

color, or pigmentation of the skin

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77
Q

dermis

A

inner layer of skin (also called the true skin)

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78
Q

sudoriferous (sweat) glands

A

tiny, coiled, tubular structures, that emerge through pores on the skin’s surface and secrete sweat

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79
Q

sebaceous glands

A

secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis

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80
Q

hair

A

compressed, keratinized cells that arise from hair follicles, the sacs that enclose the hair fibers

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81
Q

nails

A

originate in the epidermis. Nails are found on the upper surface of the ends of the fingers and toes. The white area at the base of the nail is called the lunula or moon

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82
Q

cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o

A

skin

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83
Q

hidr/o

A

sweat

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84
Q

kerat/o

A

horny tissue, hard

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85
Q

onych/o, ungu/o

A

nail

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86
Q

seb/o

A

sebum (oil)

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87
Q

trich/o

A

hair

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88
Q

a

A

noun suffix, no meaning

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89
Q

coccus (pl. cocci)

A

berry-shaped (form of bacterium)

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90
Q

ectomy

A

exicision or surgical removal

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91
Q

ia

A

diseased or abnormal state, condition of

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92
Q

itis

A

inflammation

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93
Q

malacia

A

softening

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94
Q

opsy

A

view or, viewing

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95
Q

phagia

A

eating or swallowing

96
Q

plasty

A

surgical repair

97
Q

rrhea

A

flow, discharge

98
Q

tome

A

instrument used to cut

99
Q

dermatitis

A

inflammatino of the skin

100
Q

dermatoconiosis

A

abnormal conditino of the skin caused by dust

101
Q

dermatofibroma

A

fibrous tumor of the skin

102
Q

hidradentitis

A

inflammation of a sweat gland

103
Q

leiodermia

A

condition of smooth skin

104
Q

onychocryptosis

A

abnormal condition of a hidden nail (also called ingrown nail)

105
Q

leukoderma

A

white skin (white patches caused by depigmentation)

106
Q

onychomalacia

A

softening of the nails

107
Q

onychomycosis

A

eating the nails (nail biting)

108
Q

pachyderma

A

thickening of the skin

109
Q

paronychia (note the a from para has been dropped. The final vowel ina prefix may be dropped when the word to which it is added begins with a vowel.

A

dieased state around the nail

110
Q

seborrhea

A

discharge of sebum (excessive)

111
Q

trichomycosis

A

abnormal condition of a fungus in the hair

112
Q

xeroderma

A

dry skin (a mild form of cutaneous disorder characterized by keratinization and noninflammatory scaling)

113
Q

abrasion

A

scraping away of the skin by mechanical process or injury

114
Q

abcess

A

localized collection of pus

115
Q

acne

A

inflammatory disease of the skin involving the sabaceous glands and hair follicles

116
Q

actinic keratosis

A

a precancerous skin condition of horny tissue formation that results from excessive exposure to sunlight. It may evolve into a squamous cell carcinoma.

117
Q

albinism

A

congenital hereditary condition characterized by partial or total lack of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes.

118
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

epithelial tumor arising from the epidermis. It seldom metastasizes but invades local tissue. Common in individuals who have had excessive sun exposure.

119
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

A

a cancerous condition starting as purple or brown papules on the lower extremeties that spreads through the skin to the lymph nodes and internal orgrans. Frequently seen with AIDS

120
Q

laceration

A

torn, ragged-edged wound

121
Q

lesion

A

any visible change in tissue resulting from inury or disease. It is a broad term that includes sores, wounds, ulcers and tumors.

122
Q

MRSA infection

A

Invasion of body tissue by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a strain of common bacteria that has developed resistance to penicillin and other antibiotics. It can produce skin and soft tissue infections and sometimes bloodstream infections and pneumonia, which can be fatal if not treated. MRSA is quite common in hospitals and long-term facilities but is increasingly emerging as an important infection in the general population.

123
Q

pediculosis

A

invasion into the skin and hair by lice

124
Q

psoriasis

A

chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales

125
Q

rosacea

A

chronic disorder of the skin that produces erythema, papules, pustules, and broken blood vessels, usually occurring on the central area of the face in people older than 30 years (also called acne rosacea)

126
Q

scabies

A

skin infection caused by the itch mite, characterized by papule eruptions that are caused by the female burrowing into the outer layer of the skin and laying eggs. This condition is accompanied by sever itching.

127
Q

scleroderma

A

a disease characterized by chronic hardening (induration) of the connective tissue of the skin and other body organs,

128
Q

squamous cell carncinoma (SqCCA)

A

a malignant growth that develops from scalelike epithelial tissue. Unlike basal cell carcinoma, there is a significant potential for metastasis. The most frequent cause is chronic exposure to sunlight.

129
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

a chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin, joints, kidneys, and nervous system. This auto immune disease is characterized by periouds of remission and exacerbations. It also may affect other organs.

130
Q

tinea

A

fungal infection of the skin. The fungi may infect keratin of the skin, hair and nails. Infectinos are classified by body regions such as tinea capitis (scalp) tinea corporis (body) and tinea pedis (foot). Tinea in general is also called ringworm and tinea pedis specifically is also called athlete’s foot.

131
Q

urticaria

A

an itching skin eruption composed of wheals of varying size and shape, which usually resolves in a shor period of time. While often idiopathic, urticaria is sometimes associated with infections and with allergic reactions to food, medicine or other agents. Other causes include internal diseaes, physical stimuli and genetic disorders (also called hives)

132
Q

vitiligo

A

white patches on the skin caused by the destruction of melanocytes associated with autoimmune disorders

133
Q

biopsy (bx)

A

view of life (the removal of living tissue from the body to be viewed under the microscope)

134
Q

excisional biopsy

A

removes the entire lesion along with a margin of surrounding tissue

135
Q

punch biopsy

A

removes a cylindrical portion of tissue with a specifically designed round knife.

136
Q

shave biopsy

A

removes a sample of tissue with a cut parallel to the surrounding skin

137
Q

dermatoautoplasty

A

surgical repair using one’s own skin (skin graft) (also called autograft)

138
Q

dermatoheteroplasty

A

surgical repair using skin from others (skin graft) (also called allograft)

139
Q

dermatome

A

instrument used to cut skin (in thin slices for skin grafts)

140
Q

dermatoplasty

A

surgical repair of the skin

141
Q

onychectomy

A

excision of a nail

142
Q

rhytidectomy

A

excision of wrinkles (also called facelift)

143
Q

rhytidoplasty

A

surgical repair of wrinkles

144
Q

cauterization

A

destruction of tissue with a hot or cold instrument, electric current, or caustic substance (also called cautery)

145
Q

cryosurgery

A

destruction of tissue by using extreme cold, often by using liquid nitrogen

146
Q

debridement

A

removal of contaminated or dead tissue and foreign matter from an open wound

147
Q

dermabrasion

A

procedure to remove skin scars with abrasive material, such as sandpaper

148
Q

excision

A

removal by cutting

149
Q

incision

A

surgical cut or wound produced by a sharp instrument

150
Q

incision and drainage (I & D)

A

surgical cut made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a lesion, wound or cavity

151
Q

laser surgery

A

procedure using an instrument that emits a high-powered beam of light used to cut, burn, vaporize, or destroy tissue

152
Q

Mohs surgery

A

technique or microscopically controlled serial excisions of skin cancers

153
Q

suturing

A

to stich edges of a wound surgically

154
Q

dermatologist

A

a physician who studies and treats skin (diseases)

155
Q

dermatology (derm)

A

study of the skin (a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of skin disease)

156
Q

epidermal

A

pertaining to upon the skin

157
Q

erythroderma

A

red skin (abnormal redness of the skin)

158
Q

hypodermic

A

pertaining to under the skin

159
Q

intradermal

A

pertaining to within the skin

160
Q

keratogenic

A

originating in horny tissue

161
Q

necrosis

A

abnormal condition of death (cells and tissue die because of disease)

162
Q

percutaneous

A

pertaining to through the skin

163
Q

Staphylococcus

A

berry-shaped (bacterium) in grapelike clusters (thse bacteria cause many skin diseases)

164
Q

streptococcus (pl. streptococci)

A

berry-shaped (bacterium) in twisted chains

165
Q

subcutaneous (subcut)

A

pertaining to under the skin

166
Q

transdermal (TD)

A

pertaining to through the skin

167
Q

ungual

A

pertaining to the nail

168
Q

xanthoderma

A

yellow skin (also called jaundice)

169
Q

alopecia

A

loss of hair

170
Q

bacteria (s. bacterium)

A

single celled micoroorganisms that reproduce by cell division and may cause infection by invading body tissue

171
Q

cicatrix

A

scar

172
Q

cyst

A

a closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material

173
Q

cytomegalovirus (CMV)

A

a herpe-type virus that usually causes disease when the immune system is compromised

174
Q

diaphoresis

A

profuse sweating

175
Q

ecchymosis (pl. ecchymoses)

A

escape of blood into the skin (or mucous membrane), causing a small, flat, purple or blue discoloration, as may occur when blood is withdrawn by a needle and syringe from an arm vein

176
Q

edema

A

puffy swelling of tissue from the accumulation of fluid

177
Q

erythema

A

redness

178
Q

fugus (pl. fungi)

A

organism that feeds by absorbing organic molecules from its surrounding and may cause infection by invading body tissue; single-celled fungi (yeast) reproduce by budding, mulicelled fungi (mold) reproduce by spore formation

179
Q

induration

A

abnormal hard spot(s)

180
Q

jaundice

A

condition characterized by a yellow tinge to the skin (also called xanthoderma)

181
Q

keloid

A

overgrowth of scar tissue

182
Q

leukoplakia

A

condition characterized by white spots or patches on mucous membrane, which may be precancerous

183
Q

macule

A

flat, covered spot on the skin

184
Q

nevus (pl. nevi)

A

circumscribed malformation of the skin, usually brown, black or flesh colored. A congenital nevus is present at births and is referred to as a birthmark (also called a mole)

185
Q

nodule

A

a small, knotlike mass that can be felt by touch

186
Q

pallor

A

small, solid skin elevation

187
Q

papule

A

a pinpoint skin hemorrhage

188
Q

petechia (pl. petechia)

A

a pinpoint skin hemorrhage

189
Q

pressure ulcer (decub)

A

erosion of the skin caused by prolonged pressure, often occurring in bedridden patients (also called decubitus ulcer or bed sore)

190
Q

pruritus

A

severe itching

191
Q

purpura

A

small hemorrhages in the skin (or mucous membrane) giving a purple-red discoloration; associated with blood disorders or vascular abnormalities

192
Q

pustule

A

elevation of skin containing pus

193
Q

ulcer

A

erosion of the skin or mucous membrane

194
Q

macule

A

flat, colored spot on the skin (freckle)

195
Q

papule

A

small, solid skin elevation (skin tag, basal cell carcinoma)

196
Q

nodule

A

a small, knotlike mass (lipoma, metastic carcinoma, rheumatoid nodule)

197
Q

wheal

A

round, itchy elevation of the skin (urticaria or hive)

198
Q

vesicle

A

small elevation of epidermis containing liquid (herpes zoster-shingles, herpes simplex, contact dermatitis)

199
Q

pustule

A

elevation of the skin containing pus (impetigo, acne)

200
Q

cyst

A

a closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material (acne)

201
Q

cough

A

sudden, noisy expulsion of air from the lungs

202
Q

hiccup

A

sudden catching of breath with a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm

203
Q

hyperventilation

A

ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs

204
Q

hypoventilation

A

ventilation of the lungs that does not fullfill the body’s gas exchange needs

205
Q

mucopurulent

A

containing both mucus and pus

206
Q

mucus

A

slimy fluid secreted by the mucous membranes

207
Q

nebulizer

A

device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment

208
Q

nosocomial infection

A

an infection acquired during hospitalization

209
Q

paroxysm

A

periodic, sudden attack

210
Q

patent

A

open, the opposite of closed or compromised, thus allowing passage of air, as in patent trachea and bronchi

211
Q

sputum

A

muccous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth

212
Q

ventilator

A

mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing

213
Q

ABGs

A

arterial blood gases

214
Q

AFB

A

acid-fast bacilli

215
Q

ARDS

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome

216
Q

CF

A

cystic fibrosis

217
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

218
Q

CT

A

computed tomography

219
Q

CXR

A

chest radiograph

220
Q

flu

A

influenza

221
Q

LLL

A

left lower lobe

222
Q

LTB

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis

223
Q

LUL

A

Left Upper Lobe

224
Q

OSA

A

obstructive sleep disorder

225
Q

PE

A

pulmonary embolism

226
Q

PFM

A

peak flow meter

227
Q

PFTs

A

pulmonary function test

228
Q

PSG

A

polysomnography

229
Q

RLL

A

Right Lower Lobe

230
Q

RML

A

Right Middle Lobe

231
Q

RUL

A

Right Upper Lobe

232
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

233
Q

TB

A

tuberculosis

234
Q

URI

A

Upper respiratory infection

235
Q

VPS

A

ventilation-perfussion scanning

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

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