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Medical Terminology > Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

sclera

A

outer protective layer of the eye; the portion seen on the anterior portion of the eyeball is referred to as the white of eye

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2
Q

cornea

A

transparent anterior part of the sclera, which is anterior to aqueous humor and lies over the iris. It allows the light rays to enter the eye

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3
Q

choroid

A

middle layer of the eye, which in interlaced with many blood vessels that supple nutrient to the eyes

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4
Q

iris

A

the pigmented muscular structure that regulates the amount of ligh entering the eye by controlling the size of the pupil

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5
Q

pupil

A

opening in the center of the iris

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6
Q

lens

A

lies directly behind the pupil; its function is to focus and bend light

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7
Q

retina

A

innermost layer of the eye, which contains the vision receptors

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8
Q

aqueous humor

A

watery liquid found in teh anterior cavity of the eye. It providdes nourishment to nearby structures and maintains shape in the anterior part of the eye

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9
Q

vitreous humor

A

jellylike substance found behind the lens in the posterior cavity of the eye that maintains its shape

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10
Q

meibomian glands

A

oil glands found in the upper and lower edges of th eyelids that help lubricate the eye

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11
Q

lacrimal glands and ducts

A

produce and drain tears

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12
Q

optic nerves

A

carries visual impulses from the retina to the brain

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13
Q

conjunctiva

A

mucous membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior portion of the sclera

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14
Q

blephar/o

A

eyelid

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15
Q

cor/o, core/o, pupil/o

A

pupil

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16
Q

corne/o, kerat/o

A

cornea

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17
Q

dacry/o, lacrim/o

A

tear, tear duct

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18
Q

ir/o, irid/o

A

iris

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19
Q

ocul/o, ophthalm/o

A

eye

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20
Q

opt/o

A

vision

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21
Q

phac/o, phak/o

A

lens

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22
Q

retin/o

A

retina

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23
Q

scler/o

A

sclera

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24
Q

cry/o

A

cold

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25
Q

dipl/o

A

two, double

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26
Q

is/o

A

equal

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27
Q

phot/o

A

light

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28
Q

ton/o

A

tension, pressure

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29
Q

bi-, bin-

A

two

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30
Q

-opia

A

vision (condition)

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31
Q

-phobia

A

abnormal fear of or aversion to specific things

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32
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

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33
Q

aphakia (a-FA-ka-a)

A

condition of without a lens

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34
Q

blepharitis (blef-a-RI-tis)

A

inflammation of the eyelid

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35
Q

blepharoptosis (blef-ar-op-TO-sis)

A

drooping of the eyelid

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36
Q

conjunctivits (kon-junk-ti-VI-tis)

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva

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37
Q

dacryocystitis (dak- re-o-sis-TI-tis)

A

inflammation of the tear

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38
Q

diplopia (di-PLO-pe-a)

A

double vision

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39
Q

endophthalmitis (en-dof-thal-MI-tis)

A

inflammation of the eye

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40
Q

iridoplegia (ir-i-do-PLE-ja)

A

paralysis of the iris

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41
Q

iritis (i-RI-tis)

A

inflammation of the iris

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42
Q

keratitis (ker-a-TI-tis)

A

inflammation for the cornea

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43
Q

keratomalacia (ker-a-to-ma-LA-sha)

A

softening of the cornea

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44
Q

leukocoria (lu-ko-KO-re-a)

A

condition of a white pupil

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45
Q

oculomycosis (ok-u-lo-mi-KO-sis)

A

abnormal condition of the eye caused by a fungus

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46
Q

ophthalmalgia (of-thal-MAL-ja)

A

pain in the eye

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47
Q

ophthalmoplegia (of-thal-mo-PLE-ja)

A

paralysis of the eye

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48
Q

phacomalacia (fak-o-ma-LA-sha)

A

softening of the lens

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49
Q

photophobia (fo-to-FO-be-a)

A

abnormal fear of light

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50
Q

retinoblastoma (ret-i-no-blas-TO-ma)

A

tumor arising from a developing retinal cell

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51
Q

retinopathy (ret-i-NOP-a-the)

A

disease of the retina (any noninflammatory)

52
Q

sclerokeratitis (skler-o-ker-a-TI-tis)

A

inflammation of the sclera and the cornea

53
Q

scleromalacia (skler-o-malacia)

A

softening of the sclera

54
Q

xerophthalmia (zer-of-THAL-me-a)

A

condition of dry eye

55
Q

amblyopia (am-ble-O-pe-a)

A

reduced vision in one eye caused by disuse or misuse associated with strabismus, unequal refractive errors, or otherwise impaired vision (also called lazy eye)

56
Q

astigmatism (Ast)

A

defective curvature of the refractive surfaces of the eye.

57
Q

cataract

A

clouding of the lens of the eye

58
Q

chalazion (ka-LA-ze-on)

A

obstruction of an oil gland of the eyelid (also called meibomian cyst)

59
Q

detached retina

A

separation of the retina from the choroid in back of the eye

60
Q

glaucoma (glaw-KO-ma)

A

eye disorder characterized by optic nerve damage usually caused by abnormal increase of intraocular pressure (IOP). If not treated it will lead to blindness

61
Q

hyperopia (hi-per-O-pe-a)

A

farsightedness

62
Q

macular degeneration

A

a progressive deterioration of the portion of the retina called the macula lutea, resulting in loss of central vision

63
Q

myopia (mi-O-pe-a)

A

nearsightedness

64
Q

nyctalopia (nik-ta-LO-pe-a)

A

poor vision at night or in faint light (also called night blindness)

65
Q

nystagmus (nis-TAG-mus)

A

involuntary, jerking movements of the eyes

66
Q

pinguecula (ping-GWEH-ku-la)

A

yellowish mass on the conjunctiva that may be related to exposure to ultraviolet light, dry climates, and dust. A pinguecula that spreads onto the cornea becomes a pterygium

67
Q

presbyopia (pres-be-O-pe-a)

A

impaired vision as a result of aging

68
Q

pterygium (te-RIJ-e-um)

A

thin tissue growing into the cornea from the conjuctiva, usually caused from sun exposure

69
Q

retinitis pigmentosa (ret-i-NI-tis pig-men-TO-sa)

A

hereditary, progressive disease marked by night blindness with atrophy and retinal pigment changes

70
Q

strabismus (stra-BIZ-mus)

A

abnormal condition of squint or crossed eyes caused by the visual axes not meeting at the same point

71
Q

sty (sti)

A

infection of an oil gland of the eyelid (also spelled stye and also called hordeolum)

72
Q

blepharoplasty (BLEF-a-ro-plas-te)

A

surgical repair of the eyelid

73
Q

cryoretinopexy (kri-o-RE-tin-o-pek-se)

A

surgical fixation of the retina by using extreme cold (carbon dioxide)

74
Q

dacryocystorhinostomy (dak-re-o-sis-to-ri-NOS-to-me)

A

creation of an artificial opening between the tear (lacrimal) sac and the nose (to restore drainage into the nose when the nasolacrimal duct is obstructed or obliterated)

75
Q

dacryocystotomy (dak-re-o-sis-TOT-o-me)

A

incision of the tear (lacrimal) sac

76
Q

iridectomy (ir-i-DEK-to-me)

A

excision of the iris

77
Q

iridotomy (ir-i-DOT-o-me)

A

incision of the iris

78
Q

keratoplasty (KER-a-to-plas-te)

A

surgical repair of the cornea (corneal transplant)

79
Q

sclerotomy (skle-ROT-o-me)

A

incision of the sclera

80
Q

enucleation (e-nu-kle-A-shun)

A

surgical removal of the eyeball (also the removal of any organ that comes out clean and whole)

81
Q

LASIK (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis)

A

a laser procedure that reshapes the corneal tissue beneath the surface of the cornea to correct astigmatism, hyperopia, and myopia.

82
Q

phacoemulsification (PHACO) (fa-ko-e-mul-si-fi-KA-shun)

A

method to remove cataracts in which an ultrasonic needle probe breaks up the lens, which is then aspirated

83
Q

PRK (photorefractive keratectomy) (fo-to-re-FRAK-tiv ker-a-TEK-to-me)

A

a procedure for the treatment of nearsightedness in which an Excimer laser is used to reshape the corneal surface by removing a portion of the cornea

84
Q

retinal photocoagulation (RET-in-al fo-to-ko-ag-u-LA-shun)

A

an intense beam of light from a laser condenses retinal tissue to seal leaking blood vessels, to destroy abnormal tissue or lesions, or to bond the retina to the back of the eye.

85
Q

scleral buckling (SKLER-al BUK-ling)

A

a procedure to repair a detached retina. A strip of sclera is resected, or a fold is made in the slera. An exoplant is used to hold and buckle the sclera

86
Q

trabeculectomy (tra-bek-u-LEK-to-me)

A

surgical creation of a drain to reduce intraocular pressure (used to treat glaucoma)

87
Q

vitrectomy (vi-TREK-to-me)

A

surgical removal of all or part of the vitreous humor

88
Q

fluorescein angiography (flo-RES-en an-je-OG-ra-fe)

A

digital process of recording blood vessels

89
Q

keratometer (ker-a-TOM-e-ter)

A

instrument used to measure (the curvature of) the cornea (used for fitting contact lenses)

90
Q

ophthalmoscope (of-THAL-mo-skop)

A

instrument used for visual examination of the interior of the eye

91
Q

ophthalmoscopy (of-thal-MOS-ko-pe)

A

visual examination of the eye

92
Q

optometry (op-TOM-e-tre)

A

measurement of vision

93
Q

pupillometer (pu-pil-OM-e-ter)

A

instrument used to measure the diameter of the pupil

94
Q

pupilliscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the pupil

95
Q

retinoscopy (ret-i-NOS-ko-pe)

A

visual examination of the retina

96
Q

tonometer (to-NOM-e-ter)

A

instrument used to measure pressure within the eye (used to diagnose glaucoma)

97
Q

tonometry (to-NOM-e-tre)

A

measurement of pressure within the eye

98
Q

anisocoria (an-i-so-KOR-e-a)

A

condition of absence of equal pupil

99
Q

binocular (bin-OK-u-lar)

A

pertaining to two or both eyes

100
Q

corneal (KOR-ne-al)

A

pertaining to the cornea

101
Q

intraocular (in-tra-OK-u-lar)

A

pertaining to within the eye

102
Q

isocoria (i-so-KOR-e-a)

A

condition of equal pupil

103
Q

lacrimal (LAK-ri-mal)

A

pertaining to tears

104
Q

nasolacrimal (na-zo-LAK-ri-mal)

A

pertaining to the nose and tear ducts

105
Q

ophthalmic (of-THAL-mik)

A

pertaining to the eye

106
Q

ophthalmologist (of-thal-MOL-o-jist)

A

physician who studies and treats diseases of the eye

107
Q

ophthalmology (Ophth) (of-thal-MOL-o-je)

A

study of the eye

108
Q

ophthalmopathy (of-thal-MOP-a-the)

A

any disease of the eye

109
Q

optic

A

pertaining to vision

110
Q

pseudophakia (soo-do-FA-ke-a)

A

condition of false lens

111
Q

pupillary (pu-pi-lar-e)

A

pertaining to the pupil

112
Q

reinal (RET-i-nal)

A

pertaining to the retina

113
Q

emmetropia (em-e-TRO-pe-a)

A

normal refractive condition of the eye

114
Q

intraocular lens

A

an artifical lens implanted within the eye during cataract surgery

115
Q

miotic (mi-OT-ik)

A

agent that constricts the pupil

116
Q

mydriatic (mid-re-AT-ik)

A

agent that dilates the pupil

117
Q

optician (op-TISH-in)

A

a specialist who fills prescriptions for lenses

118
Q

optometrist (op-TOM-e-trist)

A

a health professional who prescribes corrective lenses

119
Q

visual acuity

A

sharpness of vision for either distance or near

120
Q

ARMD

A

age related macular degeneration

121
Q

ast

A

astigmatism

122
Q

Em

A

emmetropia (em-e-TRO-pe-a)

123
Q

IOL

A

intraocular lens

124
Q

IOP

A

intraocular pressure

125
Q

Ophth

A

ophthalmology

126
Q

PHACO

A

phacoemulsification

127
Q

VA

A

visual acuity

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

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