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Medical Terminology > Immune System - Basic > Flashcards

Immune System - Basic Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

phagocytosis

A

the ingestion of invading microorganisms by certain types of white blood cells (phagocytes)

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2
Q

macrophages

A

"”big eaters””; white blood cells that destroy invading microbes and help alert other immune cells by secreting interleukin-1 (chemical regulator)

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3
Q

eosinophils

A

white blood cells that position themselves against a parasite’s body and discharge destructive enzymes that damage the invader

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4
Q

natural killer cells

A

cells that patrol the body and and attack virus-infected body cells and cancer cells by releasing a chemical that breaks down their target’s cell membrane

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5
Q

inflammation

A

injured tissues release chemicals that stimulate mast cells (connective tissue cells specialized to release histamine)

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6
Q

histamine

A

promotes vasodilation which causes redness and swelling

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7
Q

B lymphocytes

A

lymphocytes that produce antibodies; when stimulated, certain daughter cells (plasma cells) secrete large quantities of antibodies in the bloodstream

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8
Q

T lymphocytes

A

regulate the immune response or kill certain types of cells

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9
Q

antigens

A

something that elicits a specific response from a lymphocyte

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10
Q

antibodies

A

an antigen-binding protein associated with B-cells

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11
Q

memory cells

A

long-lived cells that provide future immunity

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12
Q

plasma cells

A

secrete antibodies

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13
Q

cytotoxic T cells

A

destroy foreign cells, infected body cells, or cancerous body cells; attack foreign antigen displayed with MHC-1 (responsible for rejection of tissue and organ transplants)

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14
Q

helper T cells

A

stimulate immune responses (by secreting interleukin-2) from both B cells and killer T cells

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15
Q

humoral immunity

A

involves activation and clonal selection of B cells, resulting in production of secreted antibodies that circulate in the blood and lymph

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16
Q

cell-mediated immunity

A

involves activation and clonal selection of cytotoxic T cells, which directly destroy certain target cells

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17
Q

vaccination

A

injection of weakened or killed microbes to stimulate the development of memory cells

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18
Q

AIDS

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, caused by RNA viruses, destroys helper T cells, helper T cells make more viruses and infect more helper T cells, the immune response shuts down

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19
Q

interferon

A

chemical messenger produced by virus-infected body cells and capable of stimulating resistance in uninfected cells by synthesis of anti-viral enzymes

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20
Q

interleukin-1

A

chemical regulator secreted by macrophages to alert other immune cells

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21
Q

interleukin-2

A

secreted by helper T cells to stimulate immune responses in B cells and killer T cells

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22
Q

major histocompatibility complex

A

responsible for antigen presentation

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23
Q

CD4

A

surface protein present on most helper T cells the binds class II MHC molecules

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24
Q

CD8

A

surface protein present on most cytotoxic T cells that binds a class I MHC molecule to a cytoxic T cell

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25
Q

agglutin/o

A

clumping

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26
Q

bas/o

A

base

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27
Q

chrom/o

A

color

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28
Q

coagul/o

A

clotting

29
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

30
Q

eosin/o

A

rosy red

31
Q

erythr/o

A

red

32
Q

fibrin/o

A

fibers, fibrous

33
Q

fus/o

A

pouring

34
Q

granul/o

A

granules

35
Q

hem/o

A

blood

36
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

37
Q

leuk/o

A

white

38
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph

39
Q

morph/o

A

shape

40
Q

neutr/o

A

neutral

41
Q

phag/o

A

eat, swallow

42
Q

sanguin/o

A

blood

43
Q

septic/o

A

infection

44
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

45
Q

-apheresis

A

removal, carry away

46
Q

-crit

A

separation of

47
Q

-cytosis

A

more than the normal number of cells

48
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

49
Q

-globin

A

protein

50
Q

-penia

A

abnormal decrease, too few

51
Q

-phil

A

attracted to

52
Q

-poiesis

A

formation

53
Q

-stasis

A

standing still

54
Q

adenoid/o

A

adenoids

55
Q

axill/o

A

axilla, underarm

56
Q

immun/o

A

protection

57
Q

inguin/o

A

groin region

58
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph

59
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph node

60
Q

lymphangi/o

A

lymph vessel

61
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

62
Q

path/o

A

disease

63
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

64
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

65
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsils

66
Q

tox/o

A

poison

67
Q

-edema

A

swelling

68
Q

-globulin

A

protein

Medical Terminology (19 decks)

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