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Med Conditions > Pulm phys > Flashcards

Pulm phys Flashcards

1
Q

what is flow proportional to

A

pressure gradient and inversly to radius

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2
Q

What is V0

A

dead space air

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3
Q

what is Va

A

air in aveoli

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4
Q

explain the beta agonists impact on beta 2

A

when NE binds- cascade of events leading to smooth muscle relaxation
-when we use beta agonist, radius increases and requires less pressure to get air flow

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5
Q

talk about cross sectional area

A

as cross sectional area increases, velocity slows down. velocity of air flow slow in alevoli which allow gas exhcnage to occur

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6
Q

what is ficks law of diffiusion

A
  • looking at efficacy of gas exchange

ex: pt w pulm fib: tissue thickness= greater so diffiusion limited ability to exhchange O2 and Co2 is decreased

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7
Q

what is pH directly related to

A
  • bicarbonate
  • more bicarb could raise pH
  • more co2 in body=more protons being released
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8
Q

do people with COPD retain co2?

A

yes which causes pH to fall

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9
Q

what is the conducting portion of the respiratory system

A
  • “conditions” the inspired air
  • bulk transport of air
  • upper airway important for conditioning bc it warms air, filters large particles and saturates air with water vapor
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10
Q

what is the respiratory portion of the respiratory system

A
  • gas exchange function
  • everything conducting until respiratory bronchiole
  • dead space: air flow but no gas exchange
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11
Q

where does the majority of gas exchange occur

A

alevolar sac and ducts

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12
Q

what is ventilation

A

the process by which air moves into and out of the lunges

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13
Q

how and why does ventilation occur

A
  • pressure gradients move air: all you need is a small amount to allow for air flow to occur
  • musculoskeletal pump allows this to occur
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14
Q

what is hyperventilation

A

blowing off co2

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15
Q

what is hypoventilation

A

retaining co2

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16
Q

does the entire “inspired” breath contribute to gas exhcange?

A

no.

-there is dead space

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17
Q

does the entire tidal volume contribute to gas exhcange

A

no

-thats why we have dead space and alevolar ventilation

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18
Q

what is the diff between hypoxia, hypoxemia and ischemia?

A

hypoxemia: low amount of o2 in blood
hypoxia: at tissue level
ischemia: lack of blood flow

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19
Q

what does the pulse ox on a finger measure

A

hypoxemia

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20
Q

explain dead space estimated by BW

A

if you took a breath thats the same amount as BW…not much gas exhcange would occur bc not overcoming dead space
-next to no alveolar ventilation
air will become 100% co2

21
Q

does air go evenly through the lung when you take a breath?

A

no

22
Q

talk about alveoli at rest

A

at rest, some are collapsed/not contributing to gas exhcnage

with exercise, they will participate=phyisiologic deadspace

23
Q

what is minute ventilation

A

amount of air exhaled in one minute

24
Q

what are the two componenets of ventilation

A

physiologic dead space: wasted ventilation

alveolar ventilation: gas exchange

25
Q

where does a majority of air go when you take a deep breath

A

base of lung

26
Q

is ventilation evenly distributed

A

no

27
Q

what happens as lung compliance goes up?

A

they become less stiff

28
Q

what are the non-elastic factors of breathing

A
  • gas flow

- airway resistnace

29
Q

what is surfactant produced by

A

type II pneumocytes

30
Q

what does surfactant do

A
  • lessens surface tension to decrease muscular effort needed to ventilate the lungs
  • prevents collapse of small alveoli especially during expiration
  • immune effect to protect the lungs against invaders
31
Q

how do bonds break?

A

surfactant gets in between and breaks them which lessens surface tension and increases compliance

32
Q

what is surfactant made of

A
  • lipids and proteins

- both hydrophilic and hydrophoibc

33
Q

where does most volume change occur?

A
  • bottom of lung when we take a deep breath

- top already maximally expanded: cant add more air

34
Q

what happens as we take a deep breath?

A

lungs get stiffer

35
Q

what are the factors that impact air flow and resistance

A 
Q=P/R
-resistance:
radius
airway length
gas viscosity
lung volume
36
Q

what does sympathetic stimulation cause?

A

bronchodilation

37
Q

what is WOB

A

work of breathing
-work of respiratory muscles to overcome elastic and resistnace factors from the airways, lungs, chest wall to expand the chest and lungs

things that will increase work:

  • reduced lung compliance
  • higher RR
  • deeper breathing

elastic factors: compliance of lungs, chest wall and abs
airway resistance: bronchospasm, airway inflammation, swelling and secretions

38
Q

what is acinus

A

the functional gas exchange unit
consists of:
-respiratory bronchioles
-alveolar ducts, alevolar sacs, and alevoli

39
Q

what are type I pneumocytes?

A

-very thin
95% alveolar surface area
-gas exhcnage

40
Q

what are type II pneumocytes?

A
  • synthesize and secrete surfactant
  • reduce surface tension
  • allow alveoli to remain open
41
Q

what creates a pressure gradient?

A

MSK pump & coordination interaction of respiratory muscles

-rib cage and lungs

42
Q

what is breathing efficacy?

A

related to depth of breathing

43
Q

what happens if a patient is not overcoming their dead space?

A

more CO2 being kept inside

44
Q

what is the order of gas distribution in the lung?

A

most to least

bottom> middle> middle lobe> top lobe

45
Q

what is the primary factor in gas distribution in the lung?

A

compliance

46
Q

which part of the lung has low compliance?

A

top

47
Q

do people with obstruction have a high or low compliance?

A

high

48
Q

do people with restrictions have a high or low compliance?

A

low

Med Conditions (20 decks)

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