CV pharm & common disorders Flashcards
what are the actions of statins (HMG coA reductase inhibitors)?
inhibits hepatic cholesterol synthesis
-prevent formation of cholesterol in liver
what are the side effects of statins (HMG coA reductase inhibitors)?
- liver dysfunction
- myalgias and arthralgias
- rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure
what is hemostasis?
- arrest of bleeding
- 1st step of wound healing
there are 4 steps:
- vessel injury
- vascular spasm
- platelet plug (primary hemostasis)
- coagulation (secondary hemostasis)
platelets kickstart coagulation cascades
what are the actions of antiplatelets/anticoagulants?
decrease clot formation and propagation
what are the actions of thrombolytics?
breakdown clot; lyse clot
what are the side effects of antiplatelets/anticoagulants/thrombolytics?
- bleeding risk (CVA)
- GI upset and bleeding
what is the partial thromboplastin time? (PTT)
32-70 seconds
measures overall rate of intrinsic and extrinsic pathways
measures effectiveness of Heparin (IV)
someone on antioags will clot and can develop DVT
which drug is a PTT?
heparin
which drug is an PT/INR?
Coumadin
what is the prothrombin time? (PT)
12-15 seconds
- measures the rate of extrinsic and common pathways
- measures effectiveness of coumadin
what is the international normalized ratio? (INR)
0.8 to 1.2
PT=INR
the more you are above goal, the greater the bleeding risk
under goal= clotting risk and therapy indicated
what is the goal INR?
2-3
2.5-3.5 for prosthetic heart valve
what are beta blockers good for?
angina
MI
high BP
what do beta blockers do?
inhibit cardiac functions:
- lower BP
- reduce contracility
- slow conduction
- reduces HR
What is the action of beta blockers?
- negative chronotropic and inotropic effects
- neurohumeral protection
what is the side effects/precautions of beta blockers?
- bronchospasm (nonselective)
- bradychardia
- hypotension
- fatigue/depression; usually see quite often- newly prescribed or dose change it may happen
which betas are selective beta blockers?
B1
which betas are nonselective beta blockers?
B1 and B2
what is the effect of beta blockers on heart rate during exercise?
BB decrease resting HR and “blunt” exercise HR
BUT HR still increases with exercise
what are the actions of nitrates?
relax vascular smooth muscle via liberation of nitric oxide
- venodilation
- ateriodilation
- coronary artery dilation
what are the side effects/precautions of nitrates?
hypotension-reflex tachycardia
- headache
- nausea/vomit
- weakness
- nitrate tolerance
what happens to NE/Epi in HR?
in neurohumeral activation, NE/Epi increases myocyte apoptosis
-also increase HR, introphy and afterload
what is EF corrlated with?
survivial
what happens with ACE inhibitors in HF?
Stop angiotension I from turning into angiotension II/aldosterone
Angiotension II would do these things….increases afterload by vasocontstriction
- increases ECF/blood volume by Na/water retention
- increases myocyte apoptosis
