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Med Conditions > CV pharm & common disorders > Flashcards

CV pharm & common disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what are the actions of statins (HMG coA reductase inhibitors)?

A

inhibits hepatic cholesterol synthesis

-prevent formation of cholesterol in liver

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2
Q

what are the side effects of statins (HMG coA reductase inhibitors)?

A
  • liver dysfunction
  • myalgias and arthralgias
  • rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure
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3
Q

what is hemostasis?

A
  • arrest of bleeding
  • 1st step of wound healing

there are 4 steps:

  1. vessel injury
  2. vascular spasm
  3. platelet plug (primary hemostasis)
  4. coagulation (secondary hemostasis)

platelets kickstart coagulation cascades

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4
Q

what are the actions of antiplatelets/anticoagulants?

A

decrease clot formation and propagation

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5
Q

what are the actions of thrombolytics?

A

breakdown clot; lyse clot

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6
Q

what are the side effects of antiplatelets/anticoagulants/thrombolytics?

A
  • bleeding risk (CVA)

- GI upset and bleeding

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7
Q

what is the partial thromboplastin time? (PTT)

A

32-70 seconds
measures overall rate of intrinsic and extrinsic pathways
measures effectiveness of Heparin (IV)

someone on antioags will clot and can develop DVT

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8
Q

which drug is a PTT?

A

heparin

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9
Q

which drug is an PT/INR?

A

Coumadin

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10
Q

what is the prothrombin time? (PT)

A

12-15 seconds

  • measures the rate of extrinsic and common pathways
  • measures effectiveness of coumadin
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11
Q

what is the international normalized ratio? (INR)

A

0.8 to 1.2
PT=INR
the more you are above goal, the greater the bleeding risk
under goal= clotting risk and therapy indicated

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12
Q

what is the goal INR?

A

2-3

2.5-3.5 for prosthetic heart valve

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13
Q

what are beta blockers good for?

A

angina
MI
high BP

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14
Q

what do beta blockers do?

A

inhibit cardiac functions:

  • lower BP
  • reduce contracility
  • slow conduction
  • reduces HR
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15
Q

What is the action of beta blockers?

A
  • negative chronotropic and inotropic effects

- neurohumeral protection

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16
Q

what is the side effects/precautions of beta blockers?

A
  • bronchospasm (nonselective)
  • bradychardia
  • hypotension
  • fatigue/depression; usually see quite often- newly prescribed or dose change it may happen
17
Q

which betas are selective beta blockers?

A

B1

18
Q

which betas are nonselective beta blockers?

A

B1 and B2

19
Q

what is the effect of beta blockers on heart rate during exercise?

A

BB decrease resting HR and “blunt” exercise HR

BUT HR still increases with exercise

20
Q

what are the actions of nitrates?

A

relax vascular smooth muscle via liberation of nitric oxide

  • venodilation
  • ateriodilation
  • coronary artery dilation
21
Q

what are the side effects/precautions of nitrates?

A

hypotension-reflex tachycardia

  • headache
  • nausea/vomit
  • weakness
  • nitrate tolerance
22
Q

what happens to NE/Epi in HR?

A

in neurohumeral activation, NE/Epi increases myocyte apoptosis
-also increase HR, introphy and afterload

23
Q

what is EF corrlated with?

A

survivial

24
Q

what happens with ACE inhibitors in HF?

A

Stop angiotension I from turning into angiotension II/aldosterone

Angiotension II would do these things….increases afterload by vasocontstriction

  • increases ECF/blood volume by Na/water retention
  • increases myocyte apoptosis
25
Q

what are the actions of ACE inhibitors?

A

vasodilators

  • decrease angiotension II production
  • reduce aldosterone release
  • neurohumeral protection
26
Q

what are the side effects of ACE inhibitors?

A
  • hypotension
  • cough
  • angioedema
27
Q

what is the action of angiotension receptor blockers (ARB)?

A

block activation of angiotensin II receptor and decrease aldosterone secretion

28
Q

what are the side effects of angiotension receptor blockers?

A

hypotension
fatigue
hyperkalemia

29
Q

what are the actions of diuretics?

A
  • diuresis
  • venodilation (preload reduction)
  • control pulmonary and peripheral congestion
30
Q

whata re the side effects/precautions of diuretics?

A
  • hypotension/hypovolemia

- electrolyte abnormalities: hyperkalemia

31
Q

what are the actions of inotropes/cardiac glycosides?

A

-enhance intracellular calcium by inhibiting the Na/K pump

increased Ca enhances contractilty/inotropy

32
Q

what are the side effects of inotropes/cardiac glycosides?

A
  • dysrhymias
  • hypotension
  • fatgiue
33
Q

what are the actions of calcium channel blockers?

A

block calcium entry into cells

  • decrease smooth muscle contraction
  • decrease HR
34
Q

what are the side effects of calcium channel blockers?

A
  • hypotension/dizziness
  • headache, fatigue
  • bradychardia

Med Conditions (20 decks)

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