CV Examination Flashcards
For a CV disorder, what else would you examine/monitor during benchmark tasks?
- HR
- BP
- RPE
- pulse ox
What is included in lab testing?
MI: Troponins; CK MB
HF: BNP
electrolytes: K, Na, Ca
Coags: PTT; PT/INR
what is included in diagnostic testing
- ECG
- chest x ray
- cardiac catheterization
- echocardiogram
What is a normal range for troponin?
0- 0.04 ng/mL
what is BNP
brain natriuretic peptide- a diuretic
- BNP released from the stressed LV (volume overload)
- BNP increases diuresis from kidneys
- after treatment, BNP levels decline and signifies recovery phase
what does troponin tell us?
damage to the heart
what do BNP tell us?
stress
what is the effect of exercise and weight loss on HDL and triglycerides?
increases HDL
decreases tri
what are the effects of diets low in saturated fats, trans fats and cholesterol on total cholesterol?
decreases total cholesterol and LDL
what happens to HDL and LDL after menopause?
decrease HDL
increase LDL
what is a non-ST elevation MI? (NSTEMI)
more problems in the long term
-positive troponins
what is a ST elevation MI? (STEMI)
mores significant heart attack
- complete blockage
- may imply a transmural (full thickness of epicardium) to a endocardium injury
- positive troponins
what kind of troponins does unstable angina present
negative
what is the NYHA classification for Class 1?
mild limitation
cardiac disease
-no limitations of physical activity
-ordinary activity does not cause any symptoms
what is the NYHA classification for Class 2?
mild limitation cardiac disease -slight limtation -comfy at rest -ordinary activity results in fatigue, palpation, dyspnea, angina
what is the NYHA classification for Class 3?
mod limitation
cardiac disease
-marked limitation
-less than ordinary activity causes symptoms
what is the NYHA classification for Class 4?
severe limitation cardiac disease -inability to carry on any physical activity without discomfort -angina or symptoms present at rest -activity increases discomfrt
what are the 5 vital signs?
HR BP RR temp pain
what are 3 additional vital signs?
pulse ox
RPE
gait speed
what are normal pulse rangse for newborn?
100-130
what are normal pulse ranges for child (1-7)?
80-120
what are normal pulse ranges for adults?
60-100
what are the diff pulse qualities?
3+= full, bounding 2+= normal 1+= weak, thread 0= absent
what are contraindictions to taking BP?
- history of breast cancer/mastectomy/lympphedema
- kidney disease
- DVT
- avoid intravascular lines
what is the formula for BP?
BP= CO x TPR
what is MAP?
represents tissue perfusion pressure
normal= 70-110
what are positive findings for orthostatic vital sign exam?
- decrease in SBP of 20mmHg or more
- decrease in DBP of 10mmHg or more
- increase in HR of 20 or greater bpm
what are the diff times of edema?
trace (+1)= barely perceptible
mild (+2)= skin rebounds less than 15 seconds
mod (+3)= skin rebounds 15-30 sec
severe (+4)= skin rebounds longer than 30 sec
What does the presence/lvel of jugular venous distention tell you?
RA pressure
where is the aortic area for heart sounds?
2nd ICS, right sternal border
where is the pulmonic area for heart sounds?
2nd ICS, left sternal border
where is the mitral area for heart sounds?
5th ICS, midclavicular line
where is the tricuspid area for heart sounds?
4th or 5th ICS, left sternal border
what is S1?
lub
what is S2?
dub
what is S3?
HF (decompensated)
what is S4?
s/p MI; HTN
