Pulm - COPD Flashcards

1
Q

How are FEV1, FVC, and their ratio affected in COPD?

A

decreased FVC
more decreased FEV1

FEV1/FVC is therefore decreased

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2
Q

Is TLC affected in COPD?

A

yes it is increased - air trapping

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3
Q

What are four diseases that can cause COPD?

A
  1. chronic bronchitis
  2. emphysema
  3. asthma
  4. bronchiecstasis
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4
Q

What is the requirement to be diagnosed with chronic bronchitis?

A

symptoms lasting at least 3 mos over 2 years

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5
Q

What pathologically occurs in chronic bronchitis?

A

hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mucus glands

thickness >50%

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6
Q

What causes obstruction in chronic bronchitis

A

mucus plugs

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7
Q

What is the nickname for people with chronic bronchitis?

A

blue bloaters - cyanosis and edema

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8
Q

What pathologically occurs in emphysema?

A

alveolar air sacs are destroyed

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9
Q

Why are the alveolar air sacs destroyed in emphysema?

A

imbalance of proteases and antiproteases

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10
Q

Where would the emphysema be located in a smoker?

A

centriacinar emphysema, upper lobes

lots of inflammation - increased proteases

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11
Q

Where would emphysema be located in alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency?

A

panacinar emphysema, lower lobes

decreased antiproteases

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12
Q

What other organ tends to get damaged from alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency?

A

the liver - cirrhosis -protein accumulates in the ER

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13
Q

What allele is typically mutated in alpha1 antitrypsin?

A

PiZ

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14
Q

What is the nickname for people with emphysema?

A

pink puffers - prolonged expiration with pursed lips

  • create back pressure to get air out
  • remain oxygenated so they are pink
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15
Q

How does the body of a person with emphysema change?

A

barrel chest

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16
Q

What type hypersensitivity reaction causes asthma?

A

type 1

17
Q

Asthma is a TH2 induced exaggerated immune response, what cytokines are therefore secreted and what are their roles?

A

IL4 - class switching to igE
IL5 - recruits eosinophils
IL10 - inhibit production of TH1

18
Q

What is seen in the sputum of asthmatics?

A

curschmann spirals with charcot leyden crystals

19
Q

What is bronchiecstasis?

A

permanent dilation of bronchioles and bronchi

destruction of elastic material

20
Q

What two viruses usually cause localized nonobstructive bronchiecstasis?

A

adenovirus and RSV

21
Q

what are two inherited conditions that can cause nonobstructive bronchiecstasis?

A

CF and kartageners

22
Q

What are some complications of bronchiecstasis?

A

hypoxemia
cor pulmonale
secondary amyloidosis - chronic inflam