lung-pulmonary infections

Question 1

what are the 3 patterns classically seen on xray in pneumonia patients?

Answer 1

lobal pneumonia
bronchopnemonia
interstitial pheumonia

Question 2

what classification of pneumonia:

“consolidation of the entire lobe”

Answer 2

lobar pneumonia

Question 3

what are the 2 most common bacterial causes of lobar pneumonia

Answer 3

strep pneumoniae and klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 4

what are 4 things you see on gross exam of lobar pneumonia

Answer 4

1. congestion
2. red hepatization
3. gray hepatization
4. resolution

Question 5

what classification of pneumonia:

“scattered patchy consolidation centered around bronchioles, often multifocal and bilateral”

Answer 5

bronchopneumonia

Question 6

what classification of pneumonia:

“diffuse interstitial infiltrates”

Answer 6

interstitial (atypical) pneumonia

Question 7

why is interstitial pneumonia considered atypical (symptoms)

Answer 7

presents with relatively mild upper resp symptoms (minimal sputum and low fever)

Question 8

what bacteria usually cause aspiration pneumonia?

Answer 8

anaerobic bacteria of the oropharynx

Question 9

what bacteria is the most common cause of secondary pneumonia after an infection with a virus

Answer 9

strep pneumoniae

Question 10

how does one usually get klebsiella pneumoniae

Answer 10

enteric flora that is aspirated

Question 11

what organism:

“thick mucoid capsule results in gelatinous sputum (current jelly)”

Answer 11

klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 12

what pneumnonia is seen in cystic fibrosis patients? what type of pneumonia is that

Answer 12

pseudomonas aeruginosa (bronchopneumonia)

Question 13

what 3 bronchopneumonias are seen superimposed onto COPD

Answer 13

haemophilus influenzae
morazella catarrhalis
legionella pneumophila

Question 14

what organism:

“causes bronchopneumonia and best sen with silver stain”

Answer 14

legionella

Question 15

what organism in this pneumonia:

“most common cause of atypical pneumonia, usually affects young adults”

Answer 15

myoplasma pneumoniae

Question 16

what are 2 complications of mycoplasma pneumonia

Answer 16

1. autoimmune hemolytic anemia (cold)

2. erythema multiforme

Question 17

what is the most common cause of atypical pneumonia in infants?

Answer 17

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Question 18

cytomegalovirus is the most common cause of atypical pneumonia in..

Answer 18

posttransplant immunosuppresive therapy

Question 19

what pneumonia

“atypical pneumonia with high fever (Q fever) seen in farmers and vets”

Answer 19

coxiella burnetii

Question 20

why is coxiella distinct from most other rickettsial organisms?

Answer 20

causes pneumonia
does not require arthropod vector
survives highly heat resistant endospores
does not produce a skin rash

Question 21

where is the abscess with aspiration pneumonia usually seen (what part of lung)

Answer 21

right lower lobe

Question 22

what disease

“focal, caseating necrosis in lower lobe of lung and hilar node that undergoes fibrosis and calcification”

Answer 22

primary TB

Question 23

where do you see a Ghon complex?

Answer 23

primary TB

Question 24

where in the lung do you usually see TB reactivation?

Answer 24

apex of the lung

Question 25

what does the biopsy of a reactivated TB lesion show?

Answer 25

caseating granulomas

AFB stain reveals acid fast bacilli