Congenital defects Flashcards
When do congenital heart defects most likely develop
3-8 weeks of gestation
What is the most common congenital heart defect?
ventricular septal defect
What are ventricular septal defects usually associated with?
fetal alcohol syndrome
What is eisenmenger syndrome? what are the complications?
when there is an inc in pulm hypertension- a L–> R shunt switches to R–>L
- paradoxical emboli
- infective endocarditis
- polycythemia
- clubbing of fingers
What is the most common type of atrial septal defect?
ostium secundum
In left to right shunts which part of the heart usually hypertrophies?
right atrium and right ventricle
What is ostium primum associated with ?
down syndrome
When do you hear a split S2 sound?
patent foramen ovale
What defect does rubella usually cause?
patent ductus arteriosus
What sound is usually heard with patent ductus arteriosus?
holosystolic machine murmur
What is the treatment for patent ductus arteriosus?
indomethacin - dec PGE
What are two examples of primary R–> L shunt?
tetralogy of fallot and tricuspid atresia
what are the four complications of tetralogy of fallot?
- stenosis of RV outflow tract
- right ventricular hypertrophy
- ventricular septal defect
- overriding aorta
What do toddlers with tetralogy of fallot usually do to compensate?
squat down to inc arterial vascular resistance
What do you see on xray with tetralogy of fallot?
boot shaped heart
What do you see as a result of tricuspid atresia?
RV is hypoplastic
What congenital heart defect is maternal diabetes associated with?
transposition of the great vessels
What is the unique treatment for transposition of the great vessels, while awaiting surgery?
PGE - want to mantain Ductus arteriosus open to allow shunt for survival
What is the presentation of coarctation of the aorta in infants?
lower extremity cyanosis
what is infantile coarctation of the aorta associated with?
turners syndrome
what is the presentation of coarctation of the aorta in adults?
upper limb hypertension and lower limb hypotension
-notching of the ribs
what other defect do adults with coarcation of the aorta usually have?
bicuspid aortic valve
Adults with bicuspid aortic valves and coarctation of the aorta are at risk for what in their 40s?
ventricular arrythmia - sudden death
If a baby has congenital heart block but does not have any other structural heart disease, what should you be thinkinnn?
mamas got SLE
