Congenital defects

Question 1

When do congenital heart defects most likely develop

Answer 1

3-8 weeks of gestation

Question 2

What is the most common congenital heart defect?

Answer 2

ventricular septal defect

Question 3

What are ventricular septal defects usually associated with?

Answer 3

fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 4

What is eisenmenger syndrome? what are the complications?

Answer 4

when there is an inc in pulm hypertension- a L–> R shunt switches to R–>L

• paradoxical emboli
• infective endocarditis
• polycythemia
• clubbing of fingers

Question 5

What is the most common type of atrial septal defect?

Answer 5

ostium secundum

Question 6

In left to right shunts which part of the heart usually hypertrophies?

Answer 6

right atrium and right ventricle

Question 7

What is ostium primum associated with ?

Answer 7

down syndrome

Question 8

When do you hear a split S2 sound?

Answer 8

patent foramen ovale

Question 9

What defect does rubella usually cause?

Answer 9

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 10

What sound is usually heard with patent ductus arteriosus?

Answer 10

holosystolic machine murmur

Question 11

What is the treatment for patent ductus arteriosus?

Answer 11

indomethacin - dec PGE

Question 12

What are two examples of primary R–> L shunt?

Answer 12

tetralogy of fallot and tricuspid atresia

Question 13

what are the four complications of tetralogy of fallot?

Answer 13

1. stenosis of RV outflow tract
2. right ventricular hypertrophy
3. ventricular septal defect
4. overriding aorta

Question 14

What do toddlers with tetralogy of fallot usually do to compensate?

Answer 14

squat down to inc arterial vascular resistance

Question 15

What do you see on xray with tetralogy of fallot?

Answer 15

boot shaped heart

Question 16

What do you see as a result of tricuspid atresia?

Answer 16

RV is hypoplastic

Question 17

What congenital heart defect is maternal diabetes associated with?

Answer 17

transposition of the great vessels

Question 18

What is the unique treatment for transposition of the great vessels, while awaiting surgery?

Answer 18

PGE - want to mantain Ductus arteriosus open to allow shunt for survival

Question 19

What is the presentation of coarctation of the aorta in infants?

Answer 19

lower extremity cyanosis

Question 20

what is infantile coarctation of the aorta associated with?

Answer 20

turners syndrome

Question 21

what is the presentation of coarctation of the aorta in adults?

Answer 21

upper limb hypertension and lower limb hypotension

-notching of the ribs

Question 22

what other defect do adults with coarcation of the aorta usually have?

Answer 22

bicuspid aortic valve

Question 23

Adults with bicuspid aortic valves and coarctation of the aorta are at risk for what in their 40s?

Answer 23

ventricular arrythmia - sudden death

Question 24

If a baby has congenital heart block but does not have any other structural heart disease, what should you be thinkinnn?

Answer 24

mamas got SLE

Question 25

What is primary fibroelastosis associated with?

Answer 25

mumps infection