Pulm Anatomy and Histology

Question 1

What is the level of the Visceral and parietal Pleura?

Answer 1

Parietal 8*****???

Question 2

What is the preferred location of entry for Thoracentesis? Why?

Answer 2

Posterior Approach

• Post. Gutter is deep
• Intercostal spaces are wider
• Neurovascular bundle closer to inferior margin of rib above

Question 3

What spinal level is the Superior Pulmonary Sulcus seen at?

Answer 3

T3

Question 4

What ganglion is seen in the Superior Pulmonary Sulcus?

What peripheral Nerves are involved?

Answer 4

Stellate Ganglion

C8, T1

Question 5

What are the characteristic symptoms of a Pancoast tumor seen outside the lungs?

Answer 5

Ptosis
Myosis
Anhydrosis

Question 6

What are the Contents of the Hilum of the Lung?

Answer 6

Bronchus (Posterior)
Pulmonary Artery (Anterior on Rt, Superior on Left)
Pulmonary Veins (Inferior)

Question 7

How long is the Trachea?

Answer 7

10-11 com long

Question 8

What defines respiratory Bronchioles?

Answer 8

Alveoli are associated with their walls

Question 9

What defines respiratory epithelium?

Answer 9

.

Question 10

What cell type is found on the Vocal folds?

Answer 10

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Question 11

What is the significance of Reinke’s Space?

Answer 11

It is a site of potential Fluid Accumulation. Reinke’s Edema

Question 12

What cell type is seen inferior to the Epiglottis?

Larger Airways?

Answer 12

Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium

Ciliated columnar epi
Goblet cells
Basal Cells 
Seromucous gland cells 
Neuroendocrine cells
Brush cells

Question 13

What cell Types are seen in the lobular bronchioles?

Answer 13

Ciliated Cuboidal epithelial cells
Basal Cells
Seromucous gland cells
Brush Cells

Question 14

What cell Types are seen in the terminal bronchioles?

Answer 14

Ciliated and non-ciliated cuboidal cells
Clara Cells
Brush cells

Question 15

What cell Types are seen in the Respiratory bronchioles?

Answer 15

Ciliated and non-ciliated cuboidal cells
Clara Cells
Type 1 pneumocytes

Question 16

What cell Types are seen in the Alveolar ducts?

Answer 16

Type 1 and 2 pneumocytes

Question 17

What are the secretions of Glands in the intrapulmonary bronchus?

Answer 17

Mucins
Lactoferin
Lysozyme
IgA
Alpha- Antitrypsin and other protease inhibitors

Question 18

What is the Source of the Alpha 1 antitrypsin secreted in the lungs?

Answer 18

Created in the liver

Question 19

What are the wall modifications seen in Asthma?

Answer 19

Increased: Mucous
Thickness of basal lamina
Thickness of lamina propria from edema and emigration of inflammatory cells
Thickness of Muscularis
Glands in submucosa

Question 20

What are the remodeling changes seen in chronic Bronchitis?

Answer 20

Reid Index = bc/ad(thickness of moucous glands/total thickness)
Normal 0.5

Question 21

What changes are seen in Bronchiectasis?

Answer 21

Progressive weakening of the bronchial walls.

Bronchi Become Dilated

Question 22

What are structural features of Bronchioles?

Question 23

Where are Club(clara) Cells found?

Answer 23

Terminal and Respiratory Bronchioles

Question 24

What is the purpose of Type 1 and 2 pneumocytes?

Answer 24

Type 1 structural

Type 2: Defense, secrete surfactant, Stem cells that can replace type 1.