Pulm Anatomy and Histology Flashcards
What is the level of the Visceral and parietal Pleura?
Parietal 8*****???
What is the preferred location of entry for Thoracentesis? Why?
Posterior Approach
- Post. Gutter is deep
- Intercostal spaces are wider
- Neurovascular bundle closer to inferior margin of rib above
What spinal level is the Superior Pulmonary Sulcus seen at?
T3
What ganglion is seen in the Superior Pulmonary Sulcus?
What peripheral Nerves are involved?
Stellate Ganglion
C8, T1
What are the characteristic symptoms of a Pancoast tumor seen outside the lungs?
Ptosis
Myosis
Anhydrosis
What are the Contents of the Hilum of the Lung?
Bronchus (Posterior) Pulmonary Artery (Anterior on Rt, Superior on Left) Pulmonary Veins (Inferior)
How long is the Trachea?
10-11 com long
What defines respiratory Bronchioles?
Alveoli are associated with their walls
What defines respiratory epithelium?
.
What cell type is found on the Vocal folds?
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
What is the significance of Reinke’s Space?
It is a site of potential Fluid Accumulation. Reinke’s Edema
What cell type is seen inferior to the Epiglottis?
Larger Airways?
Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
Ciliated columnar epi Goblet cells Basal Cells Seromucous gland cells Neuroendocrine cells Brush cells
What cell Types are seen in the lobular bronchioles?
Ciliated Cuboidal epithelial cells
Basal Cells
Seromucous gland cells
Brush Cells
What cell Types are seen in the terminal bronchioles?
Ciliated and non-ciliated cuboidal cells
Clara Cells
Brush cells
What cell Types are seen in the Respiratory bronchioles?
Ciliated and non-ciliated cuboidal cells
Clara Cells
Type 1 pneumocytes
What cell Types are seen in the Alveolar ducts?
Type 1 and 2 pneumocytes
What are the secretions of Glands in the intrapulmonary bronchus?
Mucins Lactoferin Lysozyme IgA Alpha- Antitrypsin and other protease inhibitors
What is the Source of the Alpha 1 antitrypsin secreted in the lungs?
Created in the liver
What are the wall modifications seen in Asthma?
Increased: Mucous Thickness of basal lamina Thickness of lamina propria from edema and emigration of inflammatory cells Thickness of Muscularis Glands in submucosa
What are the remodeling changes seen in chronic Bronchitis?
Reid Index = bc/ad(thickness of moucous glands/total thickness)
Normal 0.5
What changes are seen in Bronchiectasis?
Progressive weakening of the bronchial walls.
Bronchi Become Dilated
What are structural features of Bronchioles?
Where are Club(clara) Cells found?
Terminal and Respiratory Bronchioles
What is the purpose of Type 1 and 2 pneumocytes?
Type 1 structural
Type 2: Defense, secrete surfactant, Stem cells that can replace type 1.
