pulm Flashcards
what are the 4 questions to assess control of asthma over what period of time?
asthma treatment table?
what is the most effective intervention for asthma?
what medications are used for rescue therapy for acute exacerbations?
what medications used for long term asthma treatment?
what are the treatment steps/meds used in asthma and it’s classification?
what are the symptoms of theophylline toxicity?
what are the agents that
- increase theophylline levels?
- decrease theophyline levels?
- decrease levels of co-administered drugs?
what is the management of acute asthma exacerbations?
management of asthma exacerbation in the ER?
what is a poor prognostic factor during a severe asthma attack?
how would you manage the vent for asthmatic patients?
Define COPD?
what is the pathophysiology of COPD?
define chronic bronchitis?
what is the best predictor of FEV1 in COPD?
what is the best predictor of death in COPD?
what are the lung mechanics of emphysema?
what is the CMS criteria for starting continuous O2 in COPD patients?
what is the benefit of pulmonary rehabilitation?
when is lung volume reduction surgery useful?
when should you screen for alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency?
how would you asesss COPD exacerbations?
how would you treat COPD exacerbations?
when do you suspect alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency?
how do you diagnose and tx alpha
what is the classic presentation of bronchiectasis and when should you suspect it?
how do you diagnose bronchiectasis? what do you see?
how do you diagnose and findings of CF?
how would you manage CF?
what are the complications associated with CF?
what are the common factors of ILD and groups?
how do you diagnose ILD? pathophys?
what are cxr clues to causes of ILD?
benefit of bronchoscopy with biopsy and VATS for ILD?
parameter to follow for ILD?
what are the 2 categories of occupational and environmental ILD
what is the pathophys of hypersensitivity pneumonitis? Give examples?
how do you diagnose hypersensitivity pneumonitis? What do you see on studies?
ddx of acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
what is byssinosis?
Describe what happens with asbestos does with the lungs in the short term? CXR findings?
complication associated with asbestosis?
describe etiology of silicosis and cxr findings?
treatment and ddx of silicosis?
describe coal workers ILD?
describe berylliosis:?
describe typical presentation and findings of IPF?
presentation of IPF?
diagnosis of IPF? Parameters to follow?
Treatment of IPF?
what is COP? when to consider?
how to differentiate COP vs IPF?
Treatment for COP?
what are the effects of RA, SLE, and SS on the lungs?
describe the common presentation of sarcoidosis?
describe the findings of sarcoidosis on the lungs?
how do you diagnose sarcoidosis?
treatment of sarcoidosis?
what is LCH?
what is LAM?
when to consider GPA?
what is lymphoid granulomatosis?
what is Eosoniphilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis?
define the types of eosinphilic ILD and hypereosinophilic syndrome?
what ar ethe 3 types of eosinophilic pneumonias?
describe ABPA?
Describe idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis? Triad?
Describe alveolar proteinosis? organisms?
what autoimmune diseases are associated with pulmonary hemorrhage?
what cardiopulmonary diseases can cause pulmonary hemorrhage?
what are the situations that occur with high probability V/Q scans for PE?
when is a duplex ultrasound reliable for PE?
how to diagnose PE?
when is anticoagulation relatively contraindicated for PE?
describe the types of heparin?
what is the heparin antidote?
Describe the two types of HIT?
How to treat a PE? durations?
Fat emboli triad and treatment?
what are the physical findings of pulmonary hypertension?
how do you make the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension? The first test to order? prognostic factors?
how do you define PH?
Describe Mc causes of transudative and exudative effusion? Light Criteria?
How to diagnose pleural effusion?
what is a complicated effusion?
what is an empyema?
if Eosinophils >10% in pleural effusion, you should think of?
glucose of pleural effusion around 80, think of? 60? <30? Amylase? ADA?
how would malignant, mesothelioma, PE pleural effusions present?
Yellow nail syndrome?
what conditions cause pneumothorax? Primary vs secondary?
management of pneumothorax?
what can you do to prevent a pneumothorax recurrence?
Describe the chest tube drainage system?
what are the organisms associated for typical and atypical CAP?
what is a diagnostic sputum culture? when to do it?
Organism specific associations with pneumonia:
- COPD or immunoglobulin deficiency
- Cattle or sheep exposure?
- Bird fanciers?
- Hunters
- chronic disease, immunosupression, alcohol
- diabetes, cancer, kidney disease, HIV, recent cruise ship or hotel stay in winter/summer:
empiric antibiotic for CAP?
what is associated with drug resistant strep pneumoniae?
buzzwords for klebsiella pneumonia?
what are the 3 stages for pertusis pneumonia?
what are the extrapulmonary manifestations of myocplasma pneumonia? Dx, tx?
presentation, dx, tx of chlamydophila pneumoniae?
basics of legionella pneumophila?
what are the most commonly encountered VAP MDR infection organisms?
what are the most common anaerobic organisms causing aspiration pneumonia? Clinical presentation?
what is the most common way lung abscesses form? prseentation?
what is considered a positive TB test on Mantoux?
how long does it take for a TB skin test to react after exposure?
Describe new converter and booster effect with TB?
when can you use IGRA tests ove rskin test?
how do you manage someone with close contact of someone who has TB with negative TB test?
what are the 4 management options of LTBI in HIV negative adults?
what is the treatment for active TB?
when can a 3 drug regimen be used for active TB?
important side effects from TB medications?
what are the 2 basic groups of NTM disease in non-HIV?
when would you suspect a cutaneous NTM infection? organisms?
describe the infections associated with organ transplant and T-cell defects?
Treatment for PJP?
name causes of non-infectious lung effects?
If patient with AML and hemorrhage, what do you need to rule out?
what is the berlin definition of ARDS?
ARDS mnemonic?
what is AC mode of ventilation?
what is IMV?
what is PSV?
what is PCV?
what are possible causes of failure to wean?
what are the 2 categories that you can do to adjust the vent to improve ABGs?
when can you use high PEEP. Consequences of high PEEP?
how do you measure auto-peep?
how do you treat auto-peep?
what is refeeding syndrome?
type of shock, CO, wedge pressure, SVR, Tx
- Hypovolemic
- cardiogenic
- distributive
- obstructive:
define apnea and hypopnea?
complications of sleep disorders? diagnose?
define OSA - OSAHS? Risk factors?
define obesity hypoventilation syndrome? Findings? tx?
what are the causes of SVC syndrome? presentation and tx?
causes of anterior, middle, posterior mediastinal masses?
define chronic cough and ddx?
define hepatopulmonary syndrome?
how do you test and tx for HPS?
define the lung volumes?
draw the FEV1/FVC graphs labeling for TLC and RV in normal, restrictive, and obstructive disease from forced expiration from max inspiration
draw the Flow-volume loops and label normal vs obstructive?
draw flow voluem loops with obstructions
draw restrictive flow voluem loops?
