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int med exam 0828 > GI - non - biliary and liver > Flashcards

GI - non - biliary and liver Flashcards

1
Q

what are the causes of dysphagia?

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2
Q

how do you diagnose dysphagia?

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3
Q

what complication of dysphagia do you need to be wary of? what to do?

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4
Q

what is the pathogenesis of Achalasia? characteristic and dx features?

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5
Q

what is the characteristic features of achalasia?

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6
Q

what tests are used to diagnose achalasia?

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7
Q

what is an important dd of achalasia?

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8
Q

what is the tx of achalasia?

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9
Q

what is the presentation of dysphagia 2/2 neurologic dysfunction?

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10
Q

what is diffuse esophageal spasms?

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11
Q

how do you diagnose DES?

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12
Q

what is the tx of DES?

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13
Q

how does esophageal anatomic obstruction present?

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14
Q

what is a schatzki ring? tx?

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15
Q

Presentation and tx of esophageal stricture?

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16
Q

presentation and tx of malignant obstruction?

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17
Q

what is plummer vinson syndrome?

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18
Q

presentation of scleroderma and SSC?

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19
Q

how do you work up and tx scleroderma and SSC?

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20
Q

presentation and x of mallory-weiss syndrome

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21
Q

presentation and tx of esophageal rupture/perforation?

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22
Q

presentation and diagnosis of Eosinophlic eosphagitis?

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23
Q

tx of eosinophilic esophagitis?

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24
Q

causes of esophagitis?

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25
Q

what are the side effects of PPI?

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26
Q

pathophysiology of GERD?

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27
Q

symptoms and extra-esophageal symptoms of GERD? complications?

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28
Q

dx and work up of GERD?

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29
Q

when do you use ambulatory PH monitoring for GERD?

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30
Q

tx of mild-moderate GERD?

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31
Q

tx of severe GERD?

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32
Q

what is barrett esophagus?

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33
Q

tx and screening of barrett esophagus?

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34
Q

esophageal cancer - types, risk factors, dx and treatment?

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35
Q

presentation and tx of zenker diverticulum?

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36
Q

what is the dominant mediator of postprandial gastric acid production?

A

Gastrin

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37
Q

describe the physiology of the stomach?

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38
Q

what stimulates and inhibits gastrin?

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39
Q

what is dyspepsia?

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40
Q

how do you manage dyspepsia?

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41
Q

what is gastritis? classifications?

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42
Q

what can cause erosive gastropathy? tx?

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43
Q

what can h.pylori cause?

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44
Q

when do you test for H.pylori?

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45
Q

what are the invasive tests for H.Pylori?

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46
Q

what are the non-invasive evaluation tests for H.Pylori?

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47
Q

what is the tx for h.pylori?

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48
Q

what are the 3 major causes of PUD?

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49
Q

how do you make the dx of pUD?

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50
Q

tx of nonbleeding PUD?

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51
Q

what are the indications for surgery in PUD?

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52
Q

most common causes of duodenal ulcers?

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53
Q

what are the risk factors associated with bleeding peptic ulcers associated with NSAIDs?

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54
Q

what is the work up for UGI bleeding? when do you do EGD?

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55
Q

tx of active bleeding GI ulcer?

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56
Q

what are non-ulcers causes of UGI bleeds?

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57
Q

what is ZES?

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58
Q

when should you consider dx of ZES?

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59
Q

how do you evaluate for ZES?

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60
Q

what is the tx for ZES?

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61
Q

what other conditions outside of ZES that have elevated gastrin levels?

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62
Q

what is the usual cause of gastric NET?

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63
Q

what are the 3 types of gastric NETs?

A
64
Q

Gastric NETs can be associated with which skin condition?

A

vitiligo

65
Q

what is dumping syndrome? symptoms and tx?

A
66
Q

what is the clinical presentation of gastroparesis in diabetics?

A
67
Q

other than DM, what are other causes of gastroparesis?

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68
Q

what is the dx/work up of gastroparesis?

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69
Q

how do you treat gastroparesis?

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70
Q

when is colonoscopy contraindicated in IBD?

A
71
Q

what clinical features are the same/different in crohn vs UC?

  1. Lesions
  2. Clinical course
  3. Prednisone
  4. Granulomas
  5. rectal involvement
  6. perianal disease
  7. SB involvement
A
72
Q

what are the main drugs used for IBD treatment?

A
73
Q

MOA/side effect of

  • Mesalamine
  • Sulfasalazine
  • flagly
  • budenoside
  • MAB
A
74
Q

MOA/side effect of 6-MP and azathiopurine, mtx for IBD?

A
75
Q

how do you diagnose crohns?

A
76
Q

patient presentation of Crohn colitis?

A
77
Q

antibodies assoicated with IBD?

A
78
Q

what are the terminal illeum problems in CD?

A
79
Q

compare treatment based on

  • severity
  • stools/day
  • KUB fidnings
  • Tx for UC
  • Tx for Crohns
A
80
Q

medical treatment for Crohn?

A
81
Q

what predicts recurrence in CD?

A
82
Q

what are the treatment scenarios for CD based upon location?

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83
Q

diagnosis of UC?

A
84
Q

main symptoms of UC?

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85
Q

what are the extraintestinal manifestations of UC?

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86
Q

what are the complications of UC?

A
87
Q

what is the risk factors and screening recs for UC?

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88
Q

what is the curative treamtent for UC?

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89
Q

what are hte noncanerous indications for surgery for UC?

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90
Q

what is treatment for UC flare?

A
91
Q

what is the treatment for mild disease UC?

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92
Q

what is the tx option for moderate/severe UC?

A
93
Q

what is the maintenance treamtents for UC?

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94
Q

buzz word in IBD

  1. Tenesmus
  2. Rectal bleeding
  3. fecal soiling
  4. hydronephrosis withoutstones
  5. pneumaturia
A
95
Q

define diarrhea and duration of acute vs persistent vs chronic

A
96
Q

how do you make dx of acute diarrhea?

A
97
Q

what are the mechanisms of chronic diarrhea?

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98
Q

what are the causes of secretory diarrhea?

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99
Q

osmotic vs secretory diarrhea:

  1. Volume
  2. effect of fasting on volume
  3. serum Osm
  4. stool osm
  5. stool osmotic gap
A
100
Q

what are some causes of chronic diarrhea?

A
  1. HIV
  2. IBD
  3. diabetes
  4. Carcinoid
  5. diabetic diarrhea
  6. visceral autonomic neuropathy (diabetes, amyloidosis)
  7. Microscopic colitis
  8. Radiation enteritis
  9. Endocrinopathies (thyroid, adrenal insufficiency)
101
Q

diarrhea + HIV + fever = ddx?

A
102
Q

what is carcinoid syndrome?

A
103
Q

how do you diagnose carcinoid syndrome?

A
104
Q

what is visceral autonomic neuropathy

A
105
Q

what is the stage 1 of dx of chronic diarrhea?

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106
Q

what is stage 2 and 3 of diagnosis of chronic diarrhea?

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107
Q

when do you suspect malabsorption?

A
108
Q

what are the 2 big categories of malabsorption that you can divide it into?

A
109
Q

what are the causes of malabsorption due to decreased mucosal transport?

A
110
Q

what is celiac disease?

A
111
Q

what are the extraintestinal manifestations of celiac disease?

A
112
Q

what is the nutritional deficiencies of celiac disease?

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113
Q

what are patient’s with celiac disease at risk of developing?

A
114
Q
A
115
Q

what is the diagnostic criteria of celiac disease?

A
116
Q

how do you treat celiac disease?

A
117
Q

what is collagenous sprue? tx?

A
118
Q

what is tropical sprue?

A
119
Q

tetrad associated with whipple’s disease?

A
120
Q

what is whipple’s disease?

A
121
Q

how do you diagnose whipple’s disease?

A
122
Q

what are the symptoms of whipple’s disease?

A
123
Q

how do you treat whipple’s disease? ddx?

A
124
Q

what is short bowel syndrome?

A
125
Q

what are the 2 main causes of malabsorption due to decreased digestion?

A
126
Q

what is the best indicator of malabsorption?

A
127
Q

how do you know if the cause of malabsorption is a small bowel mucosal problem vs a digestive problem?

A
128
Q

what is SIBO?

A
129
Q

how do you diagnose SIBO?

A
130
Q

how do you treat SIBO?

A
131
Q

how much resection causes malabsorption and what symptoms?

A
132
Q

what work up will you do for patient’s with constipation + ?

A
133
Q

what is the treatment of constipation?

A
134
Q

what are the symptoms of IBS?

A
135
Q

how do you need to do to establish the diagnosis of IBS?

A
136
Q

what are characteristic symptoms of IBS?

A
137
Q

what is the treatment of IBS?

A
138
Q

what are the 4 types of diverticular disease?

A
139
Q

what is the treatment of diverticulitis?

A
140
Q

what is the follow up for diverticulitis

A
141
Q

what is rendu-osler weber syndrome?

A
142
Q

what are the symptoms of bowel obstruction?

A
143
Q

what are the 4 types of intestinal ischemia?

A
144
Q

symptoms, dx and tx of acute mesenteric ischemia?

A
145
Q

pathophysiology/symptoms of ischemic colitis?

A
146
Q

dx and tx of ischemic colitis?

A
147
Q

chronic mesenteric ischemia?

A
148
Q

mesenteric venous thrombosis?

A
149
Q

Constipation algorithim?

A
150
Q

what are the symptoms of malabsorption?

A

bloody diarrhea, crampy abdominal pain, low-grade fever, weight loss, elevated inflammatory markers, hypoalbuminemia, and anemia.

151
Q

when is the following used or not used?

Deferoxamine?

Penciliamine?

Vitamin C?

A
  1. Deferoxamine - iron-chelating agents used in patients with iron overload 2/2 hemolytic anemia or dyserythropoietic syndromes
  2. Penicillamine is a copper - chelating agent used in Wilson’s disease
  3. Vitamin C should be avoided in patients with herediatry hemochromatosis because it increaseses absoprtion of iron.
152
Q

Name the bulking agents used in constipation?

A
153
Q

name the osmotic laxatives agents used in constipation? dose and side effect?

A
154
Q

Name the stimulant laxatives and chloride channel activators used in constipation?

A

int med exam 0828 (24 decks)

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