GI - non - biliary and liver Flashcards
what are the causes of dysphagia?
how do you diagnose dysphagia?
what complication of dysphagia do you need to be wary of? what to do?
what is the pathogenesis of Achalasia? characteristic and dx features?
what is the characteristic features of achalasia?
what tests are used to diagnose achalasia?
what is an important dd of achalasia?
what is the tx of achalasia?
what is the presentation of dysphagia 2/2 neurologic dysfunction?
what is diffuse esophageal spasms?
how do you diagnose DES?
what is the tx of DES?
how does esophageal anatomic obstruction present?
what is a schatzki ring? tx?
Presentation and tx of esophageal stricture?
presentation and tx of malignant obstruction?
what is plummer vinson syndrome?
presentation of scleroderma and SSC?
how do you work up and tx scleroderma and SSC?
presentation and x of mallory-weiss syndrome
presentation and tx of esophageal rupture/perforation?
presentation and diagnosis of Eosinophlic eosphagitis?
tx of eosinophilic esophagitis?
causes of esophagitis?
what are the side effects of PPI?
pathophysiology of GERD?
symptoms and extra-esophageal symptoms of GERD? complications?
dx and work up of GERD?
when do you use ambulatory PH monitoring for GERD?
tx of mild-moderate GERD?
tx of severe GERD?
what is barrett esophagus?
tx and screening of barrett esophagus?
esophageal cancer - types, risk factors, dx and treatment?
presentation and tx of zenker diverticulum?
what is the dominant mediator of postprandial gastric acid production?
Gastrin
describe the physiology of the stomach?
what stimulates and inhibits gastrin?
what is dyspepsia?
how do you manage dyspepsia?
what is gastritis? classifications?
what can cause erosive gastropathy? tx?
what can h.pylori cause?
when do you test for H.pylori?
what are the invasive tests for H.Pylori?
what are the non-invasive evaluation tests for H.Pylori?
what is the tx for h.pylori?
what are the 3 major causes of PUD?
how do you make the dx of pUD?
tx of nonbleeding PUD?
what are the indications for surgery in PUD?
most common causes of duodenal ulcers?
what are the risk factors associated with bleeding peptic ulcers associated with NSAIDs?
what is the work up for UGI bleeding? when do you do EGD?
tx of active bleeding GI ulcer?
what are non-ulcers causes of UGI bleeds?
what is ZES?
when should you consider dx of ZES?
how do you evaluate for ZES?
what is the tx for ZES?
what other conditions outside of ZES that have elevated gastrin levels?
what is the usual cause of gastric NET?
what are the 3 types of gastric NETs?
Gastric NETs can be associated with which skin condition?
vitiligo
what is dumping syndrome? symptoms and tx?
what is the clinical presentation of gastroparesis in diabetics?
other than DM, what are other causes of gastroparesis?
what is the dx/work up of gastroparesis?
how do you treat gastroparesis?
when is colonoscopy contraindicated in IBD?
what clinical features are the same/different in crohn vs UC?
- Lesions
- Clinical course
- Prednisone
- Granulomas
- rectal involvement
- perianal disease
- SB involvement
what are the main drugs used for IBD treatment?
MOA/side effect of
- Mesalamine
- Sulfasalazine
- flagly
- budenoside
- MAB
MOA/side effect of 6-MP and azathiopurine, mtx for IBD?
how do you diagnose crohns?
patient presentation of Crohn colitis?
antibodies assoicated with IBD?
what are the terminal illeum problems in CD?
compare treatment based on
- severity
- stools/day
- KUB fidnings
- Tx for UC
- Tx for Crohns
medical treatment for Crohn?
what predicts recurrence in CD?
what are the treatment scenarios for CD based upon location?
diagnosis of UC?
main symptoms of UC?
what are the extraintestinal manifestations of UC?
what are the complications of UC?
what is the risk factors and screening recs for UC?
what is the curative treamtent for UC?
what are hte noncanerous indications for surgery for UC?
what is treatment for UC flare?
what is the treatment for mild disease UC?
what is the tx option for moderate/severe UC?
what is the maintenance treamtents for UC?
buzz word in IBD
- Tenesmus
- Rectal bleeding
- fecal soiling
- hydronephrosis withoutstones
- pneumaturia
define diarrhea and duration of acute vs persistent vs chronic
how do you make dx of acute diarrhea?
what are the mechanisms of chronic diarrhea?
what are the causes of secretory diarrhea?
osmotic vs secretory diarrhea:
- Volume
- effect of fasting on volume
- serum Osm
- stool osm
- stool osmotic gap
what are some causes of chronic diarrhea?
- HIV
- IBD
- diabetes
- Carcinoid
- diabetic diarrhea
- visceral autonomic neuropathy (diabetes, amyloidosis)
- Microscopic colitis
- Radiation enteritis
- Endocrinopathies (thyroid, adrenal insufficiency)
diarrhea + HIV + fever = ddx?
what is carcinoid syndrome?
how do you diagnose carcinoid syndrome?
what is visceral autonomic neuropathy
what is the stage 1 of dx of chronic diarrhea?
what is stage 2 and 3 of diagnosis of chronic diarrhea?
when do you suspect malabsorption?
what are the 2 big categories of malabsorption that you can divide it into?
what are the causes of malabsorption due to decreased mucosal transport?
what is celiac disease?
what are the extraintestinal manifestations of celiac disease?
what is the nutritional deficiencies of celiac disease?
what are patient’s with celiac disease at risk of developing?
what is the diagnostic criteria of celiac disease?
how do you treat celiac disease?
what is collagenous sprue? tx?
what is tropical sprue?
tetrad associated with whipple’s disease?
what is whipple’s disease?
how do you diagnose whipple’s disease?
what are the symptoms of whipple’s disease?
how do you treat whipple’s disease? ddx?
what is short bowel syndrome?
what are the 2 main causes of malabsorption due to decreased digestion?
what is the best indicator of malabsorption?
how do you know if the cause of malabsorption is a small bowel mucosal problem vs a digestive problem?
what is SIBO?
how do you diagnose SIBO?
how do you treat SIBO?
how much resection causes malabsorption and what symptoms?
what work up will you do for patient’s with constipation + ?
what is the treatment of constipation?
what are the symptoms of IBS?
how do you need to do to establish the diagnosis of IBS?
what are characteristic symptoms of IBS?
what is the treatment of IBS?
what are the 4 types of diverticular disease?
what is the treatment of diverticulitis?
what is the follow up for diverticulitis
what is rendu-osler weber syndrome?
what are the symptoms of bowel obstruction?
what are the 4 types of intestinal ischemia?
symptoms, dx and tx of acute mesenteric ischemia?
pathophysiology/symptoms of ischemic colitis?
dx and tx of ischemic colitis?
chronic mesenteric ischemia?
mesenteric venous thrombosis?
Constipation algorithim?
what are the symptoms of malabsorption?
bloody diarrhea, crampy abdominal pain, low-grade fever, weight loss, elevated inflammatory markers, hypoalbuminemia, and anemia.
when is the following used or not used?
Deferoxamine?
Penciliamine?
Vitamin C?
- Deferoxamine - iron-chelating agents used in patients with iron overload 2/2 hemolytic anemia or dyserythropoietic syndromes
- Penicillamine is a copper - chelating agent used in Wilson’s disease
- Vitamin C should be avoided in patients with herediatry hemochromatosis because it increaseses absoprtion of iron.
Name the bulking agents used in constipation?
name the osmotic laxatives agents used in constipation? dose and side effect?
Name the stimulant laxatives and chloride channel activators used in constipation?
