GIM Flashcards
what are the side effects of thiazolidinedines or glitazones?
edema, weight gain, worsening heart failure
what are the side effect of dihydropyridines?
peripheral edema
what are the side effects of nonhydroyridines?
constipation
what are the side effects of SSRIs?
hyponatremia (caused by SIADH); sexual dysfunction, platelet dysfunction
what are the side effects of topiramate?
what are the side effects of hydrochlorothiazide?
what are the side effects of bisphosphonates?
what are the side effects of oral contraceptives?
what are the side effects of PPIs?
what are the side effects of allopurinol?
what are the drugs that cause hyperkalemia?
what are the medications that can increase INR with warfarin?
write down the formulas and table for stats
mnemonic for sensitivity and specific tests?
what happens if you increase the threshold for a positive test
what is the formula for likelihood ratios?
define pretest and post-test probability?relationship to prevalence?
what are the two types of observational studies?
what is the strength of a RCT?
what are the strengths of observational studies compared to RCTs?
define a type 1 and type 2 error/
define effectiveness of treatment?
define the 4 principles of all ethical physician-patient interaction?
what are the principles of patient’s right to accept or refuse health care?
what are patient’s entitled to disclosure from a physician?
name a scenario in which a physician can ethically have sexual relationship with a current or former patient?
what is an advanced directive?
what are the mechanisms of pain in patient’s with advanced illness?
how do you treat adult cancer pain according to the 2020 NCCN guidelines
how do you adjust a patient on chronic opioids for cancer?
calculate morphine equivalents, reduce dose by 1/3 to account for incomplete cross tolerance, and then up titrate based upon response.
how do you titrate opioids?
what opioids do you avoid in renal failure?
what adjuvant medications are useful to reduce the overall opioid requirement in adult cancer pain?
what anti-emetics can be used for nausea?
how would you treat constipation?
what is the double effect?
what are the steps to withdrawing a ventilator?
what are common symptoms after stopping dialysis?
what is the difference between a process measure, outcome measurement, and balance measurement?
define sentinel event?
what is a just culture?
what is HCAHPS?
what is the goal of an ACO?
what is the AHA/ACC low, intermediate, and major risk non-cardiac surgeries?
what are teh 5 steps for evaluation of perioperative cardiac risk?
- Does the patient need emergency non-cardiac surgery?
- Does the patient have an active cardiac condition?
- Is the patient undergoing low-risk surgery
- Does the patient have good functional capacity without symptoms?
- Does patient have clinicla risk factors (ischemic heart disease, HF, CV disease, diabetes requiring insulin, CKD (cr>2)
what is the revised cardiac risk index?
which patients automatically gets cardiac evaluation?
who gets preoperative beta - blockers?
which labs do you need for patients undergoing vascular surgery?
which procedures require antibiotic prophylaxis for endocarditis?
what is the peri-operative management of an asthma patient?
what is the perioperative hematology management for nonvalvular A-fib?
what are the perioperative hematology recommendations for DVT/PE and NSAIDs?
what is the postoperative VTE prophylaxis recommendations?
when do you transfuse blood in the postoperative period?
what are the goals of diabetes management in the perioperative period?
what is the perioeprative diabetes management in the preoperative period?
what is the postoperative management for diabetes?
what is thyroid management for the perioperative period? emergently?
how would you treat malignant hyperthermia?
what are the neuropsych medications that need to be continued/stopped pre-operatively?
what is the framework for assessing smoking?
what is the relationship between ulcerative colitis and smoking?
what is the treatment of smoking cessation?
blood pressure and cholesterol screening?
Diabetes screening requirements per ADA?
AAA screening?
Cervical neoplasia and cancer screening?
lung cancer screening?
what diseases require airborne precautions?
what are the typical empiric management of an overdose in an obtunded patient?
what are the “excited” or “depressed” presentations and category of toxic ingestion?
Activated charcoal is contraindicated/ineffective in what conditions?
in overdoses, when do you alkalizine urine vs acidify urine?
when is dialysis not effective in overdoses?
when is charcoal hemoperfusion good for overdoses?
when can you stop CPR in a patient with pulseless hypothermia?
when should you think opiate overdose?
what is the classic presentation with salicylate overdose?
what is the treatment of salicylate overdose?
presentation of acetaminophen poisoning?
treatment of acetaminophen overdose?
presentation and tx of anticholinergic overdose?
presentation of digoxin toxicity?
management of digoxin toxicity?
when do you suspect theophylline toxicity?
what is the management of theophylline toxicity?
symptoms/signs and lab results from marijuana, tobacco, and toluene abuse?
symptoms/signs and lab results from cocaine and meth?
symptoms and signs/tx of pcp, heroin, and lsd?
treatment, sympoms signs of MDMA?
clues to cyanide poisoning? tx?
symptoms and tx of organoophosphate and carbamate insective poisoning?
signs, symptoms, tx of opiate withdrawal?
signs and symptoms of benzo withdrawal?
signs/tx of ethanol withdrawal?
what are the major risk factors for osteoperosis?
what are the screening guidelines for osteperosis?
who should be screened regardless of age and gender for osteoperosis?
what are the common recommendations for all patients with osteoporosis?
what does the 2014 national osteoperosis foundation guidelines recommend drug therapy?
what drug therapies can you use for osteoperosis?
what are the side effects of bisphosphonates?
key notes about alendronate?
Basics about denosumab, calcitonin, and roaloxifene?
what is the most serious consequence of osteoperosis?
organisms involved in the deep infections of head/neck?
describe treatment for suppurative parotitis?
describe the peritonsillar abscess symptoms and treatment?
describe ludwig angina and tx?
what is the most common salivary gland tumor?
describe parotitis? tx?
describe symptoms of salivary gland stones?
what are the two etiologies of conductive hearing loss? pathophys?
pathophysiology of sensorineural hearing loss?
causes of sensorineural hearing loss?
what should you for patient with acute sensorineural hearing loss?
describe the rhine and weber tests?
how would you distinguish conductive and sensorineural hearing loss with Rhine and weber tests?
what are the causes of painless monocular sudden vision loss?
what are the causes of painful monocular sudden vision loss?
what are the causes of sudden binocular vision loss?
what is primary open angle glaucoma?
when should you screen for glaucoma?
how do you treat primary open angle glaucoma?
describe primary angle closure glaucoma?
what is the ideal treatment for angle closure glaucoma?
presentation of retinal detachment?
treatment of retinal detachment?
what is central retinal artery occlusion? tx?
what is retinal vein occlusion, tx?
Describe the two types of macular degeneration and tx?
describe optic neuritis and ischemic optic neuropathy?
describe vitreous degeneration and vitreous hemorrhage?
when would you expect cranial nerve dysfunction in the eyes?
when would you suspect anterior uveitis?
describe infectious keratitis?
most common presentation of endophthalmitis?
describe periorbital and orbital cellultis?
what is chalazion and a stye?
clues for autosomal dominant disease?
clue for x-linked inherited diseases?
what is the Philadelphia chromosome? chromosome abnormality associated with Burkitt lymphoma?
