Nephro Flashcards by Jeff Lin

Q

what can you tell on visual examination of urine?

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Q

what does urine specific gravity tell you?

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Q

what does the urine PH tell you?

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Q

what happens if you have a urine dipstick negative for protein but high spot urine protein/creatinine ratio?

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Q

what are nitrites and LE on UA indicate specifically?

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Q

Describe the following crystals in urine sediment examination

CaOx
CaPo4
uric acid
Struvite
Cystine

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Q

work up of hematuria?

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Q

how to calculate FeNa and FE urea and what does it show?

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Q

when would you use a CT vs MRI for the kidneys?

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Q

what are the indications for kidney biopsy?

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Q

Function of the PCT?

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Q

when something wrong happens in the pCT ,clinically, you see?

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Q

what does CAI do?

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Q

define AKI?

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Q

what do you need to evaluate for AKI? (groups)

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Q

what are the indications for urgent dialysis in AKI?

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Q

what are the causes of pre-renal AKI?

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Q

dx of hepatorenal syndrome?

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Q

what is abdominal compartment syndrome?

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Q

what are the pre-renal AKI labs?

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Q

which drugs can cause uretral obstruction?

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Q

what are the intrinsic causes of AKI?

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Q

what are the pathophys of ATN?

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Q

what are the 3 phases of ATN?

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Q

what are the the labs suggestive of ATN?

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Q

what is the management of ATN?

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Q

what is acute phosphate nephropathy?

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Q

what are the mc and antibiotic culprits of AIN?

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Q

how is NSAID-induced AIN different compared to other types of AIN?

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Q

what is chronic interstitial nephritis caused by?

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Q

how to separate glomerular diseases?

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Q

how to separate glomerular diseases based upon complement?

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Q

what are the 3 major causes of RPGN>

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Q

treatment and summary of RPGN?

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Q

which GN have low or normal complement?

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Q

which are the GN that have renal-limited presentation? Divide base on complement. Presentation, tx?

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Q

GN systemic presentation based upon complement level, presentation, dx, tx?

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Q

what are the ANCA associated vasculitis that can cause cresentic RPGN?

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Q

timing around post-strep GN?

A

Q

what are the two types of MPGN?

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Q

what are the CKD-MBD electrolyte abnormalities?

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Q

how to manage CKD associated electrolyte abnormalities?

A

Q

what are the 3 skeletal diseases associated with CKD?

A

Q

Describe osteitis fibrosis cystica?

A

Q

Describe adynamic bone disease and osteomalacia?

A

Q

what are the indications for dialysis?

A

Q

what is the main complication of dialysis? How to reduce M&M?

A

Q

what are the causes of kidney rejection s/p kidney transplant?

A

Q

what is the immunosuppressive therapy regimen s/p kideny transplant. Side effects?

A

Q

what are the consequences of general immunosupression s/p kidney transplant?

A

Q

what is the work up following the 1st kidney stone? recurrent stones?

A

Q

what are the promoters of kidney stone formation?

A

Q

what is the general treatment of kidney stones?

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Q

what is the treatment of uric acid and struvite stones?

A

Q

what is the treatment of cystine stones and what meds can cause kidney stones?

A

Q

how to interpret AG?

A

Q

how to interpret urinary anion gap?

A

Q

Toxic alcohols by AG/OG?

A

Q

describe the generation phase of metabolic alkalosis etiologies?

A

Q

Describe the two types of metabolic akalosis?

A

Q

what tests to need to be performd with unexplained HAGMA?

A

Q

NAGMA work up?

A

Q

types of RTAs?

A

Q

what decreases potassium? (related to aldosterone)

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Q

what increases potassium? (related to aldosterone)

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Q

what are the ECG changes that occur with progressive hyperkalemia?

A

Q

major causes of hypokalemia?

A

Q

effect of electrolytes from:

Vomiting
Diarrhea
Diuretics
hyperglycemia?

A

Q

A