Public health Flashcards
What is Chi squared used for?
To compare proportions or percentages e.g. compares the percentage of patients who improved following two different interventions
DNR decision-making factors
Has a DNR been discussed with the patient, do they have capacity to input their opinion, would resuscitation be of clinical benefit (quality of life)
Most appropriate study design to investigate an infectious outbreak
Case control
Things to consider when consenting a child (under 16) pre-treatment
Gillick competence. Parent can consent on child’s behalf / refusal by child and parents could be overruled by the Court of Protection if there is a risk of death
Name the stages of the transtheoretical behaviour change model
Pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance / relapse
4 aspects of the Health Belief Model
Believe are susceptible to the condition
Believe in serious consequences
Believe taking action reduces susceptibility Believe that benefits of action outweigh the costs
Examples of notifiable diseases
Malaria, measles, rubella, Acute meningitis, COVID-19, TB, tetanus etc
What document needs to be signed to refuse life-saving treatment
Advance decision to refuse treatment
What document should be signed for future care wishes
ReSPECT form
Reflexes that are assessed in death certification
Pupillary / corneal
Strengths of a cross-sectional study
- Relatively quick / cheap
- No long periods of follow-up
- Multiple outcomes and exposures can be studied
- Can be used for large data sets
Weaknesses of a cross-sectional study
- Not suitable for rare diseases
- Not suitable for diseases with a short duration
- Difficulty to assess if exposure or outcome came first / may be reverse
causality - Unable to measure incidence
