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Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What endocrine diseases are associated with acanthosis nigricans?

A

Diabetes and GI cancer

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2
Q

What condition is dermatitis herpetiformis associated with?

A

Coeliac

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3
Q

What are the key characteristics of the rash associated with lupus?

A

Rash is associated with photosensitivity, alopecia, livedo reticularis, and Raynaud’s phenomenon.

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4
Q

SLE investigations

A

Diagnosis involves testing for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA).

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4
Q

SLE management

A

prednisolone for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and betamethasone 0.1% cream for discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE).

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5
Q

What is a common cause of erythema multiforme, and how is it treated?

A

Erythema multiforme is often caused by herpes simplex infection. Treatment options include clobetasol 0.05% cream or prednisolone.

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6
Q

Which body parts are affected by erythema multiforme?

A

Minor cases involve the hands/feet, while major cases present with systemic symptoms and mucosal involvement.

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7
Q

What conditions are associated with pyoderma gangrenosum?

A

ulcerative colitis (p-ANCA) and Crohn’s disease

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8
Q

How does pyoderma gangrenosum present and how is it managed?

A

Enlarging painful ulcers - prednisolone

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9
Q

What are the key features of dermatomyositis?

A

Myositis (muscle weakness), a photosensitive rash (shawl sign), Gottron papules, and nail fold erythema

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10
Q

How is dermatomyositis diagnosesd?

A

creatine kinase (CK), antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-Jo-1

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11
Q

What are the common causes of erythroderma?

A

Erythroderma can be idiopathic or result from psoriasis, dermatitis, or drugs.

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12
Q

How does erythroderma present?

A

Generalized erythema affecting more than 90% of the skin, and patients may feel cold despite the skin feeling hot.

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13
Q

What drugs commonly cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)?

A

Allopurinol, sulphonamides, NSAIDs, and anticonvulsants

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14
Q

What is the causative organism of necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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15
Q

Clinical features of necrotising fascitis

A

Pain out of proportion, dusky purple rash and oedema progressing to blisters and necrosis

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16
Q

How is localised impetigo treated?

A

Fusidic acid cream

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17
Q

What is the causative organism of impetigo?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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18
Q

How is widespread impetigo treated?

A

Oral flucloxacillin

19
Q

How is dermatophytosis (tinea) treated?

A

Terbinafine 1% cream

19
Q

What is the clinical presentation of varicella zoster?

A

Pyrexia followed by a macular-papular-vesicular pruritic rash

19
Q

What are the common areas affected by dermatophytosis (tinea)

A

Feet (athlete’s), hands, groin

20
Q

How is Varicella zoster treated

A

Calamine lotion

20
Q

What are the treatment options for head lice infestation?

A

Dimeticone 4% lotion or malathion 0.5% liquid

21
Q

Where is plaque psoriasis commonly found on the body?

A

Extensor surfaces, sacrum, scalp

22
Q

What is seen in psoriasis?

A

Red scaly plaque

23
Q

What is the associated risk with leukoplakia?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

24
Q

What are the key features of acne rosacea?

A

Flushing, telangiectasia, photosensitive erythema, papules, and pustules

25
Q

What virus is associated with Kaposi’s sarcoma, and in which context is it commonly seen?

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma is associated with Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). It is commonly seen in immunocompromised individuals, especially those with HIV/AIDS.

26
Q

What is the most common type of skin cancer?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

27
Q

How does basal cell carcinoma present?

A

Grows slowly over time

28
Q

How is Bowen’s disease related to actinic keratoses?

A

Bowen’s disease is considered squamous cell carcinoma in situ

29
Q

What are the characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and how does it typically grow?

A

It grows quickly and often presents as a raised lesion with crusting and ulceration. Surgical excision is the primary treatment.

30
Q

Scoring system used to calculate quantity of fluid required in first 24 hours after a burn

A

Parkland criteria

31
Q

What advice should be given to someone with a herpetic cold sore?

A

Avoid kissing babies while you have the lesion

32
Q

How does psoriasis appear on black skin vs white

A

Purple rather than silver scales

33
Q

Which medications may exacerbate psoriasis

A

Beta blockers and aspirin

34
Q

Management plan for severe urticaria

A

Non-sedating antihistamine e.g. citirazine + short course of oral steroids

35
Q

Most aggressive type of melanoma

A

Nodular

36
Q

Wallace’s rule of 9s in burns

A

9% for each arm; 18% for anterior torso

37
Q

What is the Parkland formula - used to calculate the fluid requirement in burns

A

4ml x body weight (kg) x total body surface area affected (%)

  • Give 50% of this in first 8 hours and rest in the remaining 16
38
Q

Name 2 features you would assess for in your history and examination that
would be suspicious for potential smoke inhalation

A
  • Burning sensation in the nose / throat
  • Productive cough
  • Stridor
  • Dyspnoea
  • Rhonchi
  • Wheezing
  • Hoarse voice
  • Accessory muscle usage
  • Tachypnoea
  • Cyanosis
  • Odynophagia
  • Headache
  • Delirium
  • Hallucinations
  • Decreasing consciousness / comatose
  • Convulsions / seizures
  • Hypertonia
  • Facial burns / loss of facial or intranasal hair
  • Soot in mouth or sputum
39
Q

How carbon monoxide affects the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve

A

Carbon monoxide has a greater affinity for haemoglobin than oxygen (so readily binds to Hb)
Causing the curve to shift to the left
Left shift → increased affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen / so haemoglobin holds onto oxygen more tightly
Reducing the release of oxygen to tissues, causing hypoxia and the associated symptoms

40
Q

Which gene is associated with IBD, psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis

A

HLA B27

41
Q

Define the appearance of chronique plaque psoriasis

A
  • Found on extensor surfaces / elbows + knees / trunk / scalp
  • Symmetrically distributed
  • Raised
  • Clearly defined plaques / clear delineation
  • Pink or red / erythematous/ violet or grey in pigmented skin
  • Silvery scales
  • Itch
  • May become fissured / painful (in certain sites)
  • 1cm - a few cm in diameter
  • Auspitz sign / pinpoint bleeding points if scale is removed

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