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Chat GPT > Paediatrics > Flashcards

Paediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What is seen in U&Es in pyloric stenosis?

A

Hypochloraemic, hypokalaemic alkalosis due to persistent vomiting

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2
Q

What is treatment of malrotation?

A

Ladd’s procedure

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3
Q

What signs are seen in coarctaction of the aorta in kids?

A

Radio-femoral delay, murmur heard better over the back

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4
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosis of Hirschsprung’s disease?

A

Rectal biopsy

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5
Q

Which gender is more at risk of developing DDH?

A

Female

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6
Q

Pyloric stenosis management

A

Ramstedt pyloromyotomy

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7
Q

Sign seen on examination / Ix in pyloric stenosis

A

Olive-sized mass in the right upper quadrant

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8
Q

Symptoms of intussusception

A

Episodic crying and drawing of the legs towards the chest

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9
Q

USS results of intussusception

A

Target sign

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10
Q

Management of intussusception

A

Air insufflation

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11
Q

Which type of congenital cyanotic heart disease presents earliest?

A

Transposition of the great arteries. Life-threatening condition

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12
Q

What is seen on X-ray in transposition of the great arteries.

A

Egg on string appearance

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13
Q

What’s seen on X-ray in tetralogy of Fallot?

A

Boot-shaped heart

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14
Q

Initial drug management of transposition of the great arteries

A

Continuous IV prostaglandin infusion to keep PDA patent until surgery

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15
Q

Which antibiotics are used in meningococcal disease in < 3 month olds?

A

Amoxicillin + cefotaxime (amoxicillin for listeria)

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16
Q

Which antibiotics are used in meningococcal disease in > 3 month olds?

A

Just Cefotaxime/ceftriaxome - no need for amoxicillin

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17
Q

Where do chickenpox rashes start?

A

Face and torso

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18
Q

Why does cystic fibrosis lead to diabetes?

A

Thick mucus damaging the pancreas, limiting insulin production

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19
Q

Most common complication and cause of death in measles?

A

Pneumonia

20
Q

Complication of mumps

A

Orchitis (a common trick option in answers for measles questions)

21
Q

How does measles present?

A

Fever and a blotchy rash > initially just behind his ears but is now all over his body > clusters of white lesions on the buccal mucosa

22
Q

What is the weight cut-off for macrosomia?

A

> 4 kg

23
Q

Which drugs are contraindicated in chickenpox and why? (2)

A

NSAIDs can increase the risk of necrotising fasciitis in patients with chicken pox

Aspirin - Reye’s syndrome

24
Q

Gait in a missed DDH diagnosis

A

Trendlenberg gait and leg length discrepancy

25
Q

Which murmur is found in Turner’s?

A

aortic coarctation (systolic)

26
Q

Antibiotic used in whooping cough

A

Azithromycin or clarithromycin if the onset of cough is within the previous 21 days

27
Q

Analgesia of choice in children

A

Paracetamol

28
Q

Initial management of Hirschprung’s

A

Bowel irrigation/wash-outs

29
Q

Definitive management of Hirschprung’s

A

Anal pull through procedure

30
Q

Follow-up required after 1st seizure in a child

A

Urgent referral to paediatric neurologist (within 2 weeks)

31
Q

Most common complication of measles

A

Acute otitis media

32
Q

When is the MMR vaccine given

A

1 year AND 3 years + 4 months

33
Q

Triad seen in Alport’s syndrome

A

Renal failure, sensorineural hearing loss and ocular abnormalities in a child

34
Q

Why do we give allopurinol in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia?

A

To prevent hyperuricemia => Tumour lysis syndrome

35
Q

What is the genetic mutation of the Philadelphia chromosome?

A

Translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22

36
Q

What condition predisposes you to ALL

A

Trisomy 21 (Down’s syndrome)

37
Q

If combined test is suggestive of Down’s syndrome, what further testing would you recommend ?

A

Chorionic Villus Sampling / Amniocentesis

38
Q

Define a hernia

A

Protrusion of part or whole of an organ or tissue through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it

39
Q

Direct vs indirect inguinal hernia

A

In direct inguinal hernias, the bowel enters the inguinal canal ‘directly’ through a weakness in the posterior wall of the canal, whereas..
In indirect inguinal hernias, the bowel enters the inguinal canal via the deep inguinal ring

40
Q

Which type of hernia is more common in infants (direct or indirect) and why?

A

Indirect inguinal hernia
(Occur because of a) patent processus vaginalis

41
Q

6 in 1 vaccine

A

Diphtheria / Hepatitis B / Whooping Cough / Tetanus / Polio / H influenzae B

42
Q

What vaccines do babies receive at 2 months

A

6 in 1, MenB, rotavirus

43
Q

Pathophysiology of pyloric stenosis

A

Hypertrophy of the pylorus prevents food travelling from the stomach into the duodenum as normal
After feeding, there is powerful peristalsis against the narrow pylorus causing food to be ejected into the oesophagus leading to projectile vomiting

44
Q

Types of jaundice in neonate and causes

A

Pathological - ABO incompatibility, Rhesus disease, G6PD deficiency, Spherocytosis

Prolonged - Biliary atresia, Hypothyroidism, Breast milk jaundice, Infection

45
Q

What happens if jaundice is left untreated in neonate

A

Kernicterus

46
Q

Tests for DDH in NIPE exam

A

Ortolani and Barlow tests

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