ENT

Question 1

What is another term for Otitis Media with Effusion?

Answer 1

Glue ear

Question 2

What is the characteristic discharge associated with cholesteatoma?

Answer 2

Foul-smelling non-resolving discharge

Question 3

At what age is presbycusis typically seen and what is it?

Answer 3

65 years (age-related hearing loss) of higher pitched noises

Question 4

Q: What maneuver is used to diagnose BPPV?

Answer 4

Dix-Hallpike maneuver

Question 5

What symptom is characteristic of Meniere’s disease?

Answer 5

Unilateral hearing loss

Question 6

Which cranial nerves are commonly affected in vestibular schwannoma?

Answer 6

5, 7, 8 (trigeminal, facial, vestibulocochlear)

Question 7

What bacteria is commonly associated with otitis externa in diabetics?

Answer 7

Pseudomonas

Question 8

What bacteria is commonly associated with otitis media?

Answer 8

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 9

What differentiates vestibular neuronitis from labyrinthitis?

Answer 9

Hearing loss in labyrinthitis, but not in vestibular neuronitis

Question 10

What are the Centor criteria used to diagnose bacterial tonsillitis?

Answer 10

Fever, tonsillar exudate, tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, absence of cough

Question 11

What is the recommended treatment for peritonsillar abscess? (Quinsy)

Answer 11

Urgent ENT review for needle aspiration or incision and drainage + antibiotics IV

Question 12

What imaging modality is used to diagnose vestibular schwannoma?

Answer 12

MRI cerebellopontine angle (acoustic neuroma)

Question 13

What is the primary treatment for epistaxis according to the first approach?

Answer 13

Sit forward, mouth open, pinch nose for 10-15 minutes

Question 14

What is the treatment for malignant otitis externa?

Answer 14

Ciprofloxacin ear drops and tablets

Question 15

What is the recommended action if sinusitis symptoms persist after 10 days of high-dose steroid nasal spray?

Answer 15

Suggest nasal decongestants

Question 16

How long do the episodes of vertigo typically last in BPPV?

Answer 16

Seconds / minutes

Question 17

What is the recommended treatment for otitis externa with a swollen red ear canal?

Answer 17

Gentamicin with hydrocortisone ear drops

Question 18

What are the indications for prescribing antibiotics in otitis media?

Answer 18

Systemically unwell, high risk of complications, symptoms >4 days and not improving, <2 years and bilateral, perforation and/or canal discharge

Question 19

How long is penicillin V typically prescribed for the treatment of tonsillitis?

Answer 19

10 days

Question 20

What is the second-line treatment option for epistaxis if the bleeding source is visible?

Answer 20

Cautery with silver nitrate or packing

Question 21

Otitis externa management

Answer 21

Neomycin with dexamethasone (Otomize) ear spray

Question 22

3 main structures in the ear

Answer 22

Semicircular canals, Vestibule, Cochlea

Question 23

What direction nystagmus would you expect to elicit in your examination (vestibular neuronitis)?

Answer 23

Horizontal

Question 24

Pathophysiology of Meniere’s disease

Answer 24

Excessive buildup of endolymph in the labyrinth of the inner ear; Increasing the pressure and disrupting the sensory signals

Question 27

Prophylactic medication for Meniere’s disease

Answer 27

Betahistone

Question 28

Common causative organisms for acute otitis media in children

Answer 28

RSV, adenovirus, rhinovirus, strep pneumonia, strep pyogenes

Question 29

Which antibiotics may cause EBV?

Answer 29

Ampicillin / Amoxicillin

Question 30

Diagnostic test for glandular fever / EBV

Answer 30

Monospot test

Question 31

Signs of EBV O/E

Answer 31

• Splenomegaly
• Petechial haemorrhages covering of soft palate
• Whitish exudate covering tonsils
• Lymphadenopathy
• Hepatomegaly
• Fever