Pterygopalatine Fossa & Palate Flashcards
Pterygomaxillary fissure serves as the communicating barrier of
infratemporal & pterygopalatine fossa
Bony boundaries of the pterygopalatine fossa
nasal cavity (superiorly), orbit (laterally) & infratemporal fossa (inferiorly)
Regions of the head that the pterygopalatine fossa communicates w/
Nasal cavity superiorly, orbita laterally & infratemporal fossa inferiorly
What artery & 2 nerves enter the pterygopalatine fossa?
CN V2, CN VII, maxillary artery
Openings for the following walls in the pterygopalatine fossa: anterior
posterior
superior
lateral
inferior
- Anterior wall: inferior orbital fissure
- Posterior wall: foramen rotundum (most lateral opening), pterygoid canal, pharyngeal canal
- Superior wall: sphenopalatine foramen
- Lateral wall: pterygomaxillary fissure
- Inferior wall: palatine canal
Branches of the 3 portion of the maxillary artery
- Posterior superior alveolar artery
- Infraorbital artery
- Descending palatine artery
- Sphenopalatine artery
- Pharyngeal artery
- anterior of pterygoid canal
What do each of the branches of the third portion of the maxillary artery travel through to leave the pterygopalatine fossa
- Posterior superior alveolar artery
Goes out into infratemporal fossa around posterior wall of maxilla & enters posterior superior alveolar foramen - Infraorbital artery
Enters orbit through infraorbital fissure - Descending palatine artery
Later splits into lesser & greater palatine arteries - Sphenopalatine artery
Enters nasal cavity through sphenopalatine foramen - Pharyngeal artery
Goes through pharynx through pharyngeal canal - Anterior of pterygoid canal
Goes back through pterygoid canal, foramen lacerum, & goes into pharynx
What are the branches of the maxillary nerve? (8) What do 2 of these branch into?
- Zygomatic nerve
—Branches into Zygomaticotemporal nerve & zygomaticofacial nerve - Infraorbital nerve
—Branches into middle superior alveolar nerve & anterior superior alveolar nerve - Posterior superior alveolar nerve
- Greater palatine nerve
- Lesser palatine nerve
- Pharyngeal nerve
- Nasopalatine & lateral nasal nerve
What opening do the branches of the maxillary nerve travel through to leave the fossa?
- Zygomatic nerve
Exits through infraorbital foramen - Infraorbital nerve
Exits through infraorbital foramen - Posterior superior alveolar nerve
Goes through pterygomaxillary fissure - Greater palatine nerve
Goes through greater palatine foramen - Lesser palatine nerve
Goes through lesser palatine foramen - Pharyngeal nerve
Goes through pharyngeal canal - Nasopalatine & lateral nasal nerve
Goes through sphenopalatine foramen
Path for preganglionic parasympathetic nerve fiber from CN VII to pterygopalatine ganglion
Greater petrosal nerve (branches off facial nerve) → breaks through temporal bone through petrous part → descends in middle cranial cavity toward foramen lacerum (to opening of pterygoid canal) → Synapses in the pterygopalatine ganglion
Postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers are distributed as their own branches or w/ branches of
Maxillary nerve
Pharyngeal gland is supplied by
Pharyngeal nerve
Nasal mucosa is supplied by
Nasopalatine nerve & lateral nasal nerves
Lacrimal glands are supplied by
Infraorbital nerve & zygomaticotemporal nerve
Oral cavity & oral mucosa are supplied by
Infraorbital nerve & posterior superior alveolar nerve
Palatine glands are supplied by
Palatine n. & a.
Sympathetic innervation for head viscera comes in the form of
deep petrosal nerve
What are the surface structures of the hard palate?
Hard palate on most anterior aspect
Soft palate on most posterior aspect
Bone of the hard palate
Palatine process of maxilla
Foramen of the hard palate
Contains the incisive foramen (on anterior aspect), greater palatine foramen & lesser palatine foramen (on posterior aspect)
Define palatine torus
outgrowth on palate
What are the palatal arches & what muscle is within each?
Anterior arch - underlaid by palatoglossal muscle
Posterior arch - underlied by palatopharyngeal muscle
Origin, insertion, & action of tensory veli palatini muscle
Origin: Scaphoid fossa of pterygoid process, spine of sphenoid bone, & sembranous wall of auditory tube
Insertion: Palatine aponeurosis
Action: Opens pharyngotympanic tube, tenses palatine aponeurosis
Origin, insertion, & action of levator veli palatini muscle
Origin: Petrous part of temporal bone, inferior/cartilaginous part of auditory tube
Insertion: Palatine aponeurosis
Action: Elevates soft palate during swallowing
Origin, insertion, & action of palatoglossus muscle
Origin: Inferior surface of palatine aponeurosis
Insertion: Posterolateral surface of the tongue
Action: Elevates posterior portion of tongue
Origin, insertion, & action of palatopharyngeus muscle
Origin: Posterior border of hard palate & palatine aponeurosis
Insertion: Posterior border of thyroid cartilage
Action: Elevates pharynx superiorly, anteriorly & medially
Origin, insertion, & action of uvulae muscle
Origin: Palatine aponeurosis & nasal spine
Insertion: Uvula
Action: shortens the uvula
What are the extrinsic & intrinsic muscles of the soft palate?
Extrinsic:
Tensor veli palatini
Levator veli palatini
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
Intrinsic:
Uvulae
The ___ acts as a pulley for the tensor veli palatini muscle
pterygoid hamulus
What are the 3 sensory nerves of the hard & soft palate?
Greater palatine nerve
Nasopalatine nerve
Lesser palatine nerve
Name the two branches of the maxillary artery that supply the palate and their general area of distribution
Greater palatine artery supplies the hard palate
Lesser palatine artery supplies the soft palate
Name the branch of the facial artery that supplies the palate and its general area of distribution
Ascending palatine artery supplies the soft palate
Location of the palatine tonsils
lateral oropharynx
Label
- Incisive foramen
- Greater palatine foramen
- Lesser palatine foramen
Label
- Lateral nasal n
- Pharyngeal n
- greater palatine n
- Leser palatine n
Label
- Maxillary n
- Zygomatic n
- Posterior superior alveolar n
- middle superior alveolar n
- zygomaticotemporal n
- zygomaticofacial n
- anterior superior alveolar n
Label
- greater petrosal n
- deep petrosal n
- nerve of pterygoid canal
- pterygopalatine ganglion
Label
- Tensor veli palatini m
- Uvulae m
- Palatoglossus m
- Palatopharyngeus m
- Levator veli palatini m
Label
- Greater palatine a
- Lesser palatine a
- Sphenopalatine a
