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602 Exam 3 > Intracranial Cavity > Flashcards

Intracranial Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

The intracranial cavity is formed by what bones?

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, & sphenoid bones

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2
Q

The intracranial cavity encloses & protects what?

A

the brain, its meninges, vasculature, & CN

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3
Q

Define the skull, cranium, & calvarium

A

Skull - full head

Cranium - w/o mandible

Calvarium - bones of the skull excluding the lower jaw & neurocranium (upper & back part of of the skull)
- The roof & base of skull

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4
Q

Label

A
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5
Q

Label

A
  1. Frontal crest
  2. Crista galli
  3. Cribriform plate
  4. Lesser wing
  5. Anterior clinoid process
  6. Otic canal
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6
Q

Label

A
  1. Superior orbital fissure
  2. Foramen rotundum
  3. Formane ovale
  4. Foramen spinosum
  5. Foramen lacerum
  6. Depression for the trigeminal ganglion
  7. Hiatus of facial canal for the greater petrosal nerve
  8. Hiatus & groove of the lesser petrosal n.
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7
Q

Label

A
  1. Tuberculum sellae
  2. Hypophyseal fossa
  3. Dorsum sellae
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8
Q

Describe the sella turcica. What’s the deepest part?

A

A saddle-shaped depression in the body of sphenoid

Hypophyseal fossa (holds the pituitary gland)

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9
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A

CNs III, IV, VI, V1, ophthalmic veins

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10
Q

What passes through foramen rotundum?

A

CN V2

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11
Q

What passes through foramen ovale?

A

CN V3

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12
Q

what passes through foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery

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13
Q

What passes through internal acoustic meatus?

A

CN VII & VIII

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14
Q

What passes through jugular foramen?

A

CN IX, X, XI, & internal jugular vein

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15
Q

What passes through hypoglossal canal?

A

CN XII

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16
Q

What passes through foramen magnum?

A

CN XI, spinal cord & nerves

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17
Q

Label

A
  1. Internal acoustic meatus
  2. Jugular foramen
  3. Hypoglossal canal
  4. Foramen magnum
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18
Q

Label

A
  1. Internal acoustic meatus
  2. Groove for the superior petrosal sinus
  3. Jugular foramen
  4. Groove for inferior petrosal sinus
  5. Hypoglossal canal
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19
Q

What are the 3 layers of the cranial meninges?

A

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, & pia mater

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20
Q

The dura mater contains

A

dura mater (periosteal layer), dural sinus, & dura mater (meningeal layer)

21
Q

The arachnoid mater contains

A

arachnoid membrane, subarachnoid space, & arachnoid trabeculae

22
Q

Pia mater is bound to the surface of the brain by

A

astrocytes

23
Q

What is within the subarachnoid space?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid & vessels

24
Q

CSF nourishes the

A

CNS

25
Q

Describe the middle meningeal artery

A
  • Branch of the maxillary artery from external carotid artery
  • Supplies cranial bones (calvaria) & dura mater
26
Q

Where does the middle meningeal artery run through?

A

Runs through foramen spinosum & lays between dura mater & the calvaria (top part of the skull & covers the cranial cavity)

27
Q

Rupture of middle meningeal artery leads to

A

epidural hemorrhage

28
Q

Anterior branches of the middle meningeal artery runs beneath the

A

pterion

29
Q

What is the cranial dura innervation for the following:
- anterior meningeal branches of the anterior ethmoidal nerve
- meningeal branch of maxillary artery
- Nervus spinosum (meningeal branch of mandibular nerve)
- Tentorial nerves (recurent meningeal branch of ophthalmic nerve)
- Anterior ethmoidal nerve

A

CN V1
CN V2
CN V3
CN V1
CN V1

30
Q

Function of the dura mater in the cranium

A

forms the septum & venous system (blood circulation)

31
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dura?

A

outer periosteal & inner meningeal layer

32
Q

What are the 2 vertical dural folds? What do they separate?

A
  • Falx cerebri - separates 2 cerebral hemispheres
  • Falx cerebelli - separates 2 cerebellar hemispheres
33
Q

What are the 2 horizontal dural folds? What do they separate?

A
  • Tentorium cerebelli - separates cerebellum from occipital lobes of cerebrum
  • Diaphragma sellae - roof of hypophyseal fossa
34
Q

Describe an extradural hemorrhage

A

middle meningeal artery raptured (arterial blood)

35
Q

Describe a subdural hemorrhage

A

cerebral veins raptured (venous blood)

36
Q

Describe a subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

cerebral arteries rapture (arterial blood)
- blood leaking to CSF

37
Q

Blood supply to brain comes from

A

vertebral artery & internal carotid artery

38
Q

What is the circle of willis?

A

joining area of several arteries at the bottom (inferior) side of the brain

it forms collateral circulation

39
Q

What does the circle of willis contain?

A

anterior communicating artery, anterior cerebral artery, internal carotid artery, posterior communicating artery, posterior cerebral artery

40
Q

Blood flow within the skull is through

A

diploic veins

41
Q

Route of venous blood deep to the skull is from

A

veins to sinuses

42
Q

Dural venous sinuses don’t have ___, they only have ___

A

valves
2 layers

43
Q

Label

A
  1. Superior sagittal sinus
  2. Inferior sagittal sinus
  3. Great cerebral vein
  4. Straight sinus
  5. Confluence of sinus
44
Q

Label

A
  1. Cavernous sinus
  2. Sigmoid sinus
  3. Confluence sinuses
  4. Transverse sinus
45
Q

Label

A
  1. Cavernous sinus
  2. Inferior petrosal sinus
  3. Superior petrosal sinus
46
Q

Steps from inferior sagittal sinus to internal jugular vein

A
  1. Inferior sagittal sinus
  2. Superior sagittal sinus, OR straight sinus + occipital sinus
  3. Transverse sinus + superior petrosal sinus (this is from cavernous sinus)
  4. Sigmoid sinus + infrapetrosal sinus (from cavernous sinus)
    Internal jufular sinus
47
Q

Cavernous sinus drains via the

A

petrosal sinuses

48
Q

Define/function of arachnoid granulations

A
  • projections of the arachnoid membrane into the dural sinuses
  • allow CSF to pass from subarachnoid space into the venous system
49
Q

Describe the danger triangle of the face

A
  • Communication between cavernous sinus & surface veins through superior & inferior ophthalmic veins & through pterygoid plexus of veins providing potential routes for an infection from facial area to spread to brain, causing cavernous sinus thrombosis, meningitis & brain abscesses
  • Facial vein & cavernous sinus are connected

602 Exam 3 (11 decks)

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