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602 Exam 3 > Pharynx & Larynx > Flashcards

Pharynx & Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What are functions of the orofacial?

A

Breathing
Accommodates eating
Smell
Swallowing
Taste
Vocalization

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2
Q

The uppermost part of the GI tract is continuous w/

A

esophagus

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3
Q

Where is the nasopharynx located & what does it communicate w/ anteriorly?

A

Base of the skull to soft palate
Communicates anteriorly w/ posterior nasal aperture (choanae)

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4
Q

What are the 6 contents within the nasopharynx?

A
  • Opening of auditory tube
  • Choanae
  • Torus tubarius
  • Salpingopharyngeal fold
  • Pharyngeal & tubal tonsils (=ADENOIDS)
  • Pharyngeal recess
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5
Q

Where is the oropharynx located & what does it communicate w/ anteriorly?

A
  • Soft palate to upper border of epiglottis
  • Communicates anteriorly w/ oral cavity through arches of palate
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6
Q

What are the 3 contents of the oropharynx?

A
  • arches of the palate
  • soft palate & uvula
  • Fauces
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7
Q

What are the arches of the palate?

A

Palatoglossal arch (fold)
Palatopharyngeal arch (fold)
Palatine tonsils

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8
Q

What muscle is associated w/ the palatoglossal arch & palatopharyngeal arch?

A
  • Palatoglossal arch (fold) –> Palatoglossal muscle is underneath
  • Palatopharyngeal arch (fold) –> Over palatopharyngeal muscle
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9
Q

Describe fauces

A
  • Content of the oropharynx
  • The area where the oral cavity is continuous w/ oral pharynx
  • Plane separating oropharynx & laryngopharynx
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10
Q

Where is the laryngopharynx located & what does it communicate w/?

A
  • Extends from cranial border of epiglottis to esophagus
  • Communicates w/ larynx
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11
Q

What are the 4 contents of the laryngopharynx?

A
  • Laryngeal inlet
  • Epiglottis
  • Piriform recess
  • Vallecula
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12
Q

What makes up the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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13
Q

Structure of the pharynx from internal to external

A
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14
Q

Where is the fibrous layer of the pharynx visible?

A

Visible in gap between superior constrictor muscle & base of skull

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15
Q

What are the longitudinal & constrictor muscles of the muscular layer of the pharynx?

A

Longitudinal (more internal) muscles:
- Stylopharyngeus
- Palatopharyngeus
- Salpingopharyngeus

Constrictor (more external) muscles:
- Superior constrictor
- Middle constrictor
- Inferior constrictor

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16
Q

Define obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

A

during sleep, gravity & muscle relaxation allows tongue & surrounding soft tissues to fall back into throat area obstructing air flow

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17
Q

___ is created by all 4 tonsil type. What are the 4 tonsil types?

A

Waldeyer’s ring

Pharyngeal tonsils
Tubal tonsils
Palatine tonsils
Lingual tonsils

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18
Q

___ & ___ size & position impacts airway size & ability to be open

A

tongue & tonsil

19
Q

___ & ___ also assist in elevating & dilating the pharynx along w/ the longitudinal & constrictor muscles

A

tensor veli palatini (T) & levator veli palatini (L)

20
Q

What does the areolar layer of the pharynx contain?

A

contains the pharyngeal plexus of nerves & veins

21
Q

Describe the genioglossus muscle

A

a tongue muscle; helps keep airway open; elevator & dilator of pharynx
- Not a pharyngeal muscle

22
Q

What muscles are elevators & dilators of the pharynx?

A

Genioglossus m
Suprahyoid & infrahyoid muscle

23
Q

The ___ inferiorly blends w/ fibrous pericardium

A

Pretracheal/buccopharyngeal fascia:

24
Q

the retropharyngeal space is bounded anteriorly by ___ & posteriorly by ___. It begins at the base of the skull & ends inferiorly at ___

A
  • Bounded anteriorly by pharyngeal constrictor muscles & retropharyngeal fascia & posteriorly by alar fascia
  • Begins at base of skull & ends inferiorly at variable point between C6 & T4
25
Q

What are the arteries that go into the pharynx?

A

ascending pharyngeal artery, lingual artery, facial artery, maxillary artery, & greater palatine artery

26
Q

CN’s that innervate nasopharynx, oropharynx, & laryngopharynx

A

CN V2 to nasopharynx
CN IX to oropharynx
CN X to laryngopharynx

27
Q

Pharyngeal plexus receives contributions from

A

CN V2, CN IX, & X

28
Q

Autonomics for pharyngeal plexus include parasympathetics from ___ & sympathetics from ___

A

CN X
sympathetic trunk

29
Q

Functions of glossopharyngeal nerve in pharynx

A
  • Conveys BP from carotid sinus
  • Tells us that carotid body has chemoreceptors (O2 deficiency, excess CO2, pH)
  • Conveys information back to the brain & AP comes along motor branch of glossopharyngeal to activate the stylopharyngeus to open the airway
  • Sends messages to hypoglossal to protrude the tongue
  • Secretomotor (parasympathetic) to parotid
30
Q

Vagus nerve provides motor to what muscles in the soft palate & pharynx dilators?

A

Levator veli palatini
Musculus uvulae
Palalatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus

31
Q

Vagus nerve provides motor to what pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

A

Superior, middle, & inferior

32
Q

Elevators & dilators of the pharynx are innervated by ___, expect: (what 3 muscles aren’t & what are they innervated by?)

A

CN X

Genioglossus muscle → CN XII
Tensor veli palatini muscle → CN V3
Stylopharyngeus muscle → CN IX

33
Q

Function of larynx

A
  • Act as valve to guard air passage (especially during swallowing)
  • Protects lower airway
  • Maintain patent airway
  • Vocalization
34
Q

4 types of cartilage in the larynx

A

Thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, tracheal cartilage, arytenoid cartilage

35
Q

name of the 2 cavities surrounding the vocal cords

A

Supraglottic cavity - area above vocal cords
Infraglottic cavity - area below vocal cords

36
Q

What are the 4 intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid
Thyroarytenoid
Vocalis
Cricothyroid

37
Q

Function of posterior cricoarytenoid. What happens if it’s injured to 1 or both sides?

A

abducts/opens vocal folds
Only laryngeal muscles that abducts vocal cords

If paralyzed on both sides, it closes airway (asphyciation/suffocation)
Damaged on 1 side = hoarse voice

38
Q

Function of thyroartenoid, vocalis, & cricothyroid. What happens if 1 of them is injured?

A
  • Thyroarytenoid - relaxes/closes
  • Vocalis - tightens
  • Cricothyroid - tilts cricoid cartilage on thyroid cartilage & tightens

if any of the relaxes/constrictors is damaged, it has no effect b/c there’s other muscles to take over

39
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the larynx innervated by?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve, EXCEPT for cricothyroid (it’s innervated by external branch of superior laryngeal n.)

40
Q

Gag reflex is due to ? What is the sensory & motor input innervated by?

A
  • due to object placed on surface of posterior ⅓ of tongue or posterior oropharynx in absence of act of swallowing
  • Sensory input: CN IX
  • Motor response: CN X
41
Q

define protective reflex

A

to prevent foreign matter from entering

42
Q

cough reflex involves a reflexive contraction of what muscles?

A

pharyngeal muscles, diaphragm & external intercostal muscles

43
Q

cough reflex is triggered by stimulation of

A

sensory nerves in larynx, trachea & larger bronchi (vagus n.) & internal branch of recurrent laryngeal n.

602 Exam 3 (11 decks)

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