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MSII: Behavioral Science > Psychotherapy (7 & 8) > Flashcards

Psychotherapy (7 & 8) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 6 theoretical orientations of psychotherapy?

A

1- Psychoanalytic/ psychodynamic

2- Interpersonal

3- Family

4- Behavioral

5- Cognitive

6- Cognitive Behavioral

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2
Q

What is the basis of psychoanalysis/ psychodynamic therapy?

A

Unconscious conflicts are repressed and cause difficulty (insight oriented)

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3
Q

What is the aim of psychoanalysis/ psychodynamic therapy?

A

Making the unconscious, conscious

Understanding conflicts and behaviors

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4
Q

What techniques are used in psychoanalysis/ psychodynamic therapy? (4)

A

Free association

Analysis of trensference

Analysis of resistance

Dream interpretation

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5
Q

What is psychoanalysis/ psychodynamic therapy used to treat?

A

Depression, anxiety, some personality disorders

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6
Q

What is the basis of interpersonal therapy?

A

Problematic attachments early in life predispose one to develop disorders that are expressed through troubled interpersonal relationships are present

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7
Q

What is the aim of interpersonal therapy?

A

Correct interpersonal difficulties

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8
Q

Name 4 major interpersonal problems:

A

Loss and grief

Role disputes

Role transitions

Interpersonal difficulties

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9
Q

Period of time used for interpersonal therapy?

A

Short term–> 12-16 weeks

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10
Q

What is interpersonal therapy used to treat?

A

Depression, eating disorder

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11
Q

What is the basis of family therapy?

A

Identified patient reflects a dysfunction in the whole family system

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12
Q

What is the aim of family therapy?

A

Help improve family’s relational health

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13
Q

What is family therapy used to treat?

A

1- Children identified with behavioral problems

2- families dealing with contact

3- Teenagers with eating disorders or substance abuse

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14
Q

What is group therapy used to treat?

A

People with common experiences, a particular disorder, or interpersonal difficulties

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15
Q

What is behavioral therapy based on?

A

learning theory

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16
Q

What is the aim of behavioral therapy?

A

Relieve symptoms by unlearning maladaptive behaviors

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17
Q

What techniques are found used in behavioral therapy? (4)

A

Systematic desensitization

Aversive condition

Flooding/ implosion

Token economy

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18
Q

What are the three phases of classical conditioning?

A

Phase I: unconditioned stimulus and neutral stimulus are given separately

Phase II: Neutral stimulus followed by unconditioned stimulus

Phase III: Conditioned response

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19
Q

What is stimulus generalization?

A

Person has response to things that are similar to the conditioned stimulus

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20
Q

What is stimulus discrimination?

A

Organism learns to differentiate among similar stimuli

21
Q

What is the relationship between stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination?

A

They are complementary processes

22
Q

What methods are used in operant conditioning?

A

Reinforders and punishment

23
Q

What is a reinforcer?

A

Stimulus event that increases the probability that the operant behavior will occur again

24
Q

What is a positive reinforcer?

A

Stimulus that strengthens the response if it follows that response

25
Q

What is a negative reinforcer?

A

An unpleasant stimulus that, if removed, strengthens the response that removed the stimulus

26
Q

What are the effects of delay of reinforcement in operant conditioning?

A

Effect of a reinforcer is stronger when it comes soon after a response

27
Q

Does a small or a large reinforcer have a more vigorous behavioral response?

A

Larger

28
Q

What are the two major types of schedules of reinforcement?

A

1- continuous reinforcement schedule

2- partial/ intermittent reinforcement schedule

29
Q

Describe a continuous reinforcement schedule:

A

Delivered every time a particular response occurs

30
Q

What are the four types of partial reinforcement schedules?

A

Fixed ratio: fixed number of responses required for reinforcement

Variable ratio: number of responses required for reinforcement varies

Fixed Interval: fixed set of time must elapse before next opportunity for reinforcement

Variable interval: time interval that must elapse before next opportunity for reinforcement varies

31
Q

Which type of partial reinforcement schedule is bet for long term behavioral modification?

A

Interval schedules (fixed and variable)

32
Q

What is punishment?

A

Presentation of an adverse stimulus or removal of a pleasant one following some behavior

33
Q

What does punishment result in?

A

Results in a decrease in the frequency of a response

34
Q

What are the drawbacks of punishment? (4)

A

1- do not “erase” an undesirable habit, merely suppresses it

2- ineffective unless given immediately after the response and each time the response is made

3-can become aggressive if given in anger

4- signals what is inappropriate behavior but doe not specify correct alternate behavior

35
Q

What is systematic desensitization?

A

Patient visualizes a series of anxiety provoking stimuli while remaining relaxed

36
Q

What is flooding/ implosion?

A

Direct exposure without the possibility of avoidance/ escape

37
Q

What is another name for positive reinforcement?

A

Token economy

38
Q

What is aversive condition?

A

Classical conditioning principles are used to associate physical or psychological discomfort with undesired behaviors

39
Q

What is stimulus control?

A

Modification of environmental cues that maintain or elicit behaviors

40
Q

What is the aim of cognitive therapy?

A

Replace presumed distorted appraisals with more adaptive appraisals

Correct errors in logic

41
Q

What do therapists help clients to do during cognitive therapy? (5)

A

1- monitor thoughts

2- Recognize the relations among cognition, behavior, and affect

3- test the validity of automatic thoughts

4- substitute more realistic cognitions

5- identify and later alter schemas that predispose people to think in negative ways

42
Q

What techniques are used in cognitive therapy? (2)

A

Psychoeducation

cognitive restructuring

43
Q

What is cognitive therapy used to treat?

A

Depression, anxiety disorders and eating disorders

44
Q

What are the three major classes of cognitive behavioral therapy?

A

1- coping skills therapies

2- Cognitive reconstructing methods

4- Problem solving therapies

45
Q

Explain coping skills therapies:

A

Focus on developing repertoire of skills to manage stressors

46
Q

Explain cognitive reconstructing methods:

A

Assume emotional distress in the consequence of maladaptive thoughts

47
Q

Explain problem solving therapies:

A

Combination of cognitive solving therapies and coping skills therapies

48
Q

What is emphasized in CBT?

A

“Homework” and outside of session activity

49
Q

What are the 4 elements to CBT case formulation?

A

Assessment, treatment planning, treatment, continuous monitoring and hypothesis testing

MSII: Behavioral Science (24 decks)

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