Psychotherapy (7 & 8) Flashcards by Erin Allmer

What are the 6 theoretical orientations of psychotherapy?

1- Psychoanalytic/ psychodynamic

2- Interpersonal

3- Family

4- Behavioral

5- Cognitive

6- Cognitive Behavioral

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What is the basis of psychoanalysis/ psychodynamic therapy?

Unconscious conflicts are repressed and cause difficulty (insight oriented)

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What is the aim of psychoanalysis/ psychodynamic therapy?

Making the unconscious, conscious

Understanding conflicts and behaviors

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What techniques are used in psychoanalysis/ psychodynamic therapy? (4)

Free association

Analysis of trensference

Analysis of resistance

Dream interpretation

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What is psychoanalysis/ psychodynamic therapy used to treat?

Depression, anxiety, some personality disorders

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What is the basis of interpersonal therapy?

Problematic attachments early in life predispose one to develop disorders that are expressed through troubled interpersonal relationships are present

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What is the aim of interpersonal therapy?

Correct interpersonal difficulties

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Name 4 major interpersonal problems:

Loss and grief

Role disputes

Role transitions

Interpersonal difficulties

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Period of time used for interpersonal therapy?

Short term–> 12-16 weeks

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What is interpersonal therapy used to treat?

Depression, eating disorder

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What is the basis of family therapy?

Identified patient reflects a dysfunction in the whole family system

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What is the aim of family therapy?

Help improve family’s relational health

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What is family therapy used to treat?

1- Children identified with behavioral problems

2- families dealing with contact

3- Teenagers with eating disorders or substance abuse

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What is group therapy used to treat?

People with common experiences, a particular disorder, or interpersonal difficulties

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What is behavioral therapy based on?

learning theory

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What is the aim of behavioral therapy?

Relieve symptoms by unlearning maladaptive behaviors

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What techniques are found used in behavioral therapy? (4)

Systematic desensitization

Aversive condition

Flooding/ implosion

Token economy

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What are the three phases of classical conditioning?

Phase I: unconditioned stimulus and neutral stimulus are given separately

Phase II: Neutral stimulus followed by unconditioned stimulus

Phase III: Conditioned response

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What is stimulus generalization?

Person has response to things that are similar to the conditioned stimulus

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What is stimulus discrimination?

Organism learns to differentiate among similar stimuli

What is the relationship between stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination?

They are complementary processes

What methods are used in operant conditioning?

Reinforders and punishment

What is a reinforcer?

Stimulus event that increases the probability that the operant behavior will occur again

What is a positive reinforcer?

Stimulus that strengthens the response if it follows that response

What is a negative reinforcer?

An unpleasant stimulus that, if removed, strengthens the response that removed the stimulus

What are the effects of delay of reinforcement in operant conditioning?

Effect of a reinforcer is stronger when it comes soon after a response

Does a small or a large reinforcer have a more vigorous behavioral response?

Larger

What are the two major types of schedules of reinforcement?

1- continuous reinforcement schedule 2- partial/ intermittent reinforcement schedule

Describe a continuous reinforcement schedule:

Delivered every time a particular response occurs

What are the four types of partial reinforcement schedules?

Fixed ratio: fixed number of responses required for reinforcement Variable ratio: number of responses required for reinforcement varies Fixed Interval: fixed set of time must elapse before next opportunity for reinforcement Variable interval: time interval that must elapse before next opportunity for reinforcement varies

Which type of partial reinforcement schedule is bet for long term behavioral modification?

Interval schedules (fixed and variable)

What is punishment?

Presentation of an adverse stimulus or removal of a pleasant one following some behavior

What does punishment result in?

Results in a decrease in the frequency of a response

What are the drawbacks of punishment? (4)

1- do not "erase" an undesirable habit, merely suppresses it 2- ineffective unless given immediately after the response and each time the response is made 3-can become aggressive if given in anger 4- signals what is inappropriate behavior but doe not specify correct alternate behavior

What is systematic desensitization?

Patient visualizes a series of anxiety provoking stimuli while remaining relaxed

What is flooding/ implosion?

Direct exposure without the possibility of avoidance/ escape

What is another name for positive reinforcement?

Token economy

What is aversive condition?

Classical conditioning principles are used to associate physical or psychological discomfort with undesired behaviors

What is stimulus control?

Modification of environmental cues that maintain or elicit behaviors

What is the aim of cognitive therapy?

Replace presumed distorted appraisals with more adaptive appraisals Correct errors in logic

What do therapists help clients to do during cognitive therapy? (5)

1- monitor thoughts 2- Recognize the relations among cognition, behavior, and affect 3- test the validity of automatic thoughts 4- substitute more realistic cognitions 5- identify and later alter schemas that predispose people to think in negative ways

What techniques are used in cognitive therapy? (2)

Psychoeducation cognitive restructuring

What is cognitive therapy used to treat?

Depression, anxiety disorders and eating disorders

What are the three major classes of cognitive behavioral therapy?

1- coping skills therapies 2- Cognitive reconstructing methods 4- Problem solving therapies

Explain coping skills therapies:

Focus on developing repertoire of skills to manage stressors

Explain cognitive reconstructing methods:

Assume emotional distress in the consequence of maladaptive thoughts

Explain problem solving therapies:

Combination of cognitive solving therapies and coping skills therapies

What is emphasized in CBT?

"Homework" and outside of session activity

What are the 4 elements to CBT case formulation?

Assessment, treatment planning, treatment, continuous monitoring and hypothesis testing