Psychodynamics (22 & 23)

Question 1

What is the fundemental hypothesis of psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 1

Psychic determination–> every event/ symptom has meaning

Question 2

What are the stages of development and what ages are they present?

Answer 2

Oral: Birth- 1.5 yrs
Anal: 1.5- 3 yrs
Phallic: 3- 6 yrs
Latency: 6- Adolescence
Genital: Adolescence, adults

Question 3

What is the id and when is it present?

Answer 3

Present from birth

Fun, gratification

“I want now”

Question 4

What is the superego and when is it present?

Answer 4

From age 5 on

Consience, rules, morals, values

“Thou shall not”

Question 5

What does the superego develop from?

Answer 5

Parents, teachers, religious authority, societal/ legal norms

Question 6

What is the ego and when is it present?

Answer 6

Always growing and evolving

Deals with internal and external reality

Question 7

What happens when the ego is under stress?

Answer 7

Anxiety

Question 8

What are the level 1 defenses?

Answer 8

Delusional projection

Psychotic denial

Distorition

Question 9

Describe the purpose of level I defenses?

Answer 9

“Psychotic mechanisms”

Common in healthy individuals before age 5

Common in adult dreams and fantasy

Question 10

Define delusional projection:

Answer 10

Frank delusions about external reality, usually a persecutory type

Perception of one’s feelings in another and acting on it

Perception of other people or their feelings literally inside oneself

Question 11

Define Psychotic denial:

Answer 11

denial of external reality

Question 12

Define distortion:

Answer 12

Grossly reshaping external reality to suit inner needs

Hallucinations, denial of personal responsibility for ones behavior

Question 13

Describe level II defense mechanisms:

Answer 13

Immature mechanisms

Common in healthy individuals ages 3015

Also seen in personality disorders

Question 14

Name the Level II defnese mechanisms

Answer 14

Projection

Somatization

Acting out

Splitting

Question 15

Define projection:

Answer 15

Attributing ones own unacknowledged feelings to others

Examples: severe prejudice, rejections of intimacy, hypervigillance to external damage

Question 16

What personality disorder is associated with projection?

Answer 16

Paranoid personality

Question 17

Define somatization:

Answer 17

Turning an unacceptable impulse or feeling into complaints of pain or somatic illness

Question 18

Why does somatization develop in some people?

Answer 18

Permits an individual to belabor other with his own pain or discomfort in leu of direct demands

Question 19

Define acting out:

Answer 19

direct expression of an unconscious wish or impulse in order to avoid being conscious of the affect that accompanies it

Done to avoid being aware of ones feelins

Question 20

What personality disorder is seen with acting out?

Answer 20

Antisocial personality disorder

Question 21

Define splitting:

Answer 21

Seeing people and events as ALL good or ALL bad

Question 22

What personality disorder is seen with splitting?

Answer 22

Borderline personality disorder

Question 23

Describe the level III defense mechanisms:

Answer 23

Neurotic defenses

Common in healthy individuals ages 3-90

Question 24

Name the level III defense mechanisms:

Answer 24

Denial

Displacement

Dissociation

Identification

Intellectualization

Isolation of affect

Rationalization

Reaction formation

Regression

Undoing

Question 25

Define denial:

Answer 25

unable to accept intolerable facts about reality

Question 26

Define displacement:

Answer 26

Redirection of feelings toward a relatively less cared for object than the person or situation arousing the feeling

Question 27

Define dissociation:

Answer 27

Temporary but dramatic modification of one’s character or of ones sense of personal identity to avoid emotional distress

Question 28

When is dissociation seen?

Answer 28

Acute reaction to trauma and multiple personality disorder

Question 29

Define identification:

Answer 29

Unconscious patterning of ones behavior after a powerful influential person

Question 30

Define intellectualization:

Answer 30

Thinking about instinctual wishes in formal, affectively bland terms and not acting on them

Question 31

Who is intellectualization seen in?

Answer 31

OCD patients

Question 32

How is intellectualization manifested?

Answer 32

Isolation, rationalization, ritual, undoing, magical thinking

Question 33

Define isolation of affect:

Answer 33

Intellectual knowledge and understanding of a negative event without experiencing the feelings

Question 34

Define rationalization:

Answer 34

Providing superficially reasonable accounts to explain away negative events feelings, actions

Question 35

Define reaction formation:

Answer 35

Behavior in a fashion dramatically opposed to an unacceptable instinctual impulse

Overtly caring for someone when one wishes to be cared for himself

Question 36

Define regression:

Answer 36

Appearance of child-like behavior during periods of stress

Question 37

Define undoing:

Answer 37

Protecting against a negative past event by acceptable “corrective” behavior

Question 38

Describe level IV defense mechanisms:

Answer 38

Mature mechanisms

Commonly in “healthy” individuals ages 12-90

Question 39

Name the level IV defenses:

Answer 39

Altruism

Sublimation

Anticipation

Suppression

Humor

Question 40

Define altruism:

Answer 40

Vicarious but constructive and instinctually gratifying service to others

Question 41

Define sublimation:

Answer 41

Indirect or attenuated expression of instincts w/o either adverse consequences or marked loss of pleasure

Question 42

Define anticipation:

Answer 42

Realistic anticipation of or planning for future inner discomfort

Includes goal- directed but overly careful planning or worrying

Question 43

Define suppression:

Answer 43

Conscious or semiconscious decision to postpone paying attention to a conscious impulse or conflict

Question 44

Define humor:

Answer 44

Overt expression or ideas and feelings w/o individual discomfort or immobilization and w/o unpleseant effects on others