Psychodynamics (22 & 23) Flashcards by Erin Allmer

What is the fundemental hypothesis of psychoanalytic theory?

Psychic determination–> every event/ symptom has meaning

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What are the stages of development and what ages are they present?

Oral: Birth- 1.5 yrs
Anal: 1.5- 3 yrs
Phallic: 3- 6 yrs
Latency: 6- Adolescence
Genital: Adolescence, adults

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What is the id and when is it present?

Present from birth

Fun, gratification

“I want now”

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What is the superego and when is it present?

From age 5 on

Consience, rules, morals, values

“Thou shall not”

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What does the superego develop from?

Parents, teachers, religious authority, societal/ legal norms

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What is the ego and when is it present?

Always growing and evolving

Deals with internal and external reality

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What happens when the ego is under stress?

Anxiety

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What are the level 1 defenses?

Delusional projection

Psychotic denial

Distorition

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Describe the purpose of level I defenses?

“Psychotic mechanisms”

Common in healthy individuals before age 5

Common in adult dreams and fantasy

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Define delusional projection:

Frank delusions about external reality, usually a persecutory type

Perception of one’s feelings in another and acting on it

Perception of other people or their feelings literally inside oneself

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Define Psychotic denial:

denial of external reality

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Define distortion:

Grossly reshaping external reality to suit inner needs

Hallucinations, denial of personal responsibility for ones behavior

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Describe level II defense mechanisms:

Immature mechanisms

Common in healthy individuals ages 3015

Also seen in personality disorders

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Name the Level II defnese mechanisms

Projection

Somatization

Acting out

Splitting

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Define projection:

Attributing ones own unacknowledged feelings to others

Examples: severe prejudice, rejections of intimacy, hypervigillance to external damage

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What personality disorder is associated with projection?

Paranoid personality

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Define somatization:

Turning an unacceptable impulse or feeling into complaints of pain or somatic illness

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Why does somatization develop in some people?

Permits an individual to belabor other with his own pain or discomfort in leu of direct demands

Define acting out:

direct expression of an unconscious wish or impulse in order to avoid being conscious of the affect that accompanies it

Done to avoid being aware of ones feelins

What personality disorder is seen with acting out?

Antisocial personality disorder

Define splitting:

Seeing people and events as ALL good or ALL bad

What personality disorder is seen with splitting?

Borderline personality disorder

Describe the level III defense mechanisms:

Neurotic defenses

Common in healthy individuals ages 3-90

Name the level III defense mechanisms:

Denial

Displacement

Dissociation

Identification

Intellectualization

Isolation of affect

Rationalization

Reaction formation

Regression

Undoing

Define denial:

unable to accept intolerable facts about reality

Define displacement:

Redirection of feelings toward a relatively less cared for object than the person or situation arousing the feeling

Define dissociation:

Temporary but dramatic modification of one's character or of ones sense of personal identity to avoid emotional distress

When is dissociation seen?

Acute reaction to trauma and multiple personality disorder

Define identification:

Unconscious patterning of ones behavior after a powerful influential person

Define intellectualization:

Thinking about instinctual wishes in formal, affectively bland terms and not acting on them

Who is intellectualization seen in?

OCD patients

How is intellectualization manifested?

Isolation, rationalization, ritual, undoing, magical thinking

Define isolation of affect:

Intellectual knowledge and understanding of a negative event without experiencing the feelings

Define rationalization:

Providing superficially reasonable accounts to explain away negative events feelings, actions

Define reaction formation:

Behavior in a fashion dramatically opposed to an unacceptable instinctual impulse Overtly caring for someone when one wishes to be cared for himself

Define regression:

Appearance of child-like behavior during periods of stress

Define undoing:

Protecting against a negative past event by acceptable "corrective" behavior

Describe level IV defense mechanisms:

Mature mechanisms Commonly in "healthy" individuals ages 12-90

Name the level IV defenses:

Altruism Sublimation Anticipation Suppression Humor

Define altruism:

Vicarious but constructive and instinctually gratifying service to others

Define sublimation:

Indirect or attenuated expression of instincts w/o either adverse consequences or marked loss of pleasure

Define anticipation:

Realistic anticipation of or planning for future inner discomfort Includes goal- directed but overly careful planning or worrying

Define suppression:

Conscious or semiconscious decision to postpone paying attention to a conscious impulse or conflict

Define humor:

Overt expression or ideas and feelings w/o individual discomfort or immobilization and w/o unpleseant effects on others