Depression (10 & 11) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What are the DSM criteria for depression?

A

1- Depressed Mood
2- Diminished interest
3- Significant changes in weight
4- Insomnia or hypersomnia
5- Psychomotor agitation or retardation
6- Fatigue or loss of energy
7- Feelings or worthlessness or inappropriate guilt
8- Diminished ability to think or concentrate/ indecicive
9- Recurrent thoughts of death/ suicidal ideation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many symptoms must be present and for how long, in order to Dx depression?

A

5 or more (out of the 9) symptoms

Present during the same 2-week period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T/F: at least one of the symptoms of depression is either depressed mood or loss of interest

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is used to determine if a person has “normal” sadness or is depressed?

A

Need to have at least 1 or the following:

1- suicidality
2- Weight loss
3- Anhedonia
4- Guilt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define atypical depression:

A

More likely to have weight gain and hypersomnia

Can also lead to leaden paralysis, carb craving, rejection sensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is psuedodementia?

A

cognitive symptoms in depressed elderly that are often misdiagnosed as “dementia”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is diurnal variation?

A

More depressed in AM and better in the PM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are psychomotor symptoms?

A

Physical complaints such as body aches and headaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is seasonal affective disorder (SAD)?

A

Usually associated with the shorter days of winter

Usually associated with atypical symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is SAD treated?

A

Full spectrum light exposure

Psychotherapy

Antidepressants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Explain masked depression?

A

Depressed patients presenting with vague physical ailments but unaware/ in denial of their depression

seem stoic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some possible medical causes of depressive symptoms?

A

Hypothyroidism

Cushing’s Syndrome

Anemia

Brain injury/ strokes

Vitamin deficiency (B12, Folate, Vit D)

OSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name 4 biological factors that can may lead to depression?

A

1- Monoamine deficiency (decreased DA, SR, NE)

2- Monoamine Receptor Excess

3- Loss of neurotrophic factors and degeneration

4- Genetic variation in serotonin transporter gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Explain the receptor excess theory?

A

Increase transmitter and decrease receptor can lead to reversal of symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

After 4 depressive episodes…how do low genetic risk brains compare to high genetic risk brains?

A

They look the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the stress- cortisl depression theory?

A

Stress increases glucocorticoids which decreases neurotrophic factors that leads to atrophy/ death of neurons

17
Q

What is seen in a depressed brain upon imaging?

A

Hypoactive DLPFC and a hyperactive amygdala

18
Q

T/F: Men outnumber women with depression

A

False…but women might seek help more often that can lead to this statistic

19
Q

What are the Front line agents for depression?

A

SSRI, SNRI, NDRI

20
Q

What are some older pharmacological treatments for depression?

A

MAOI, Triycic antidepressants (TCA), Sedating antidepressants, and Augmenting strategies (Lithium, thyroid hormone, atypical antipsychotic)

21
Q

What Rx are used last for depression?

A

MAOI and TCA

22
Q

Name some faster acting treatments for depression?

A

IV psychostimulants (ketamine)

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)–> shock treatment

23
Q

Name 4 neurostimulation techniques:

A

Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS)

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (TDCS)

24
Q

What is the fastest/ most effective method to get undepressed?

A

ECT shock treatment

25
Q

What are some psychological treatments for depression?

A

Talk therapy, Cognitive/ Behavioral Therapy