Dementia (20.3) Flashcards
Define TBI:
blow or jolt to the head or a penetrating head injury that disrupts the function of the brain.
Leading causes of TBI?
Falls (35.2%); Motor vehicle-traffic crashes (17.3%); Struck by/against events (16.5%); Assaults (10%); and Unknown/Other (21%)
Age groups at increased risk of TBI?
The two age groups at highest risk for TBI are 0 to 4 year olds and 15 to 19 year olds
TBI gender prevalence?
Males are about 1.5 times as likely as females to sustain a TBI
What occurs if there is frontal lobe injury?
Changes in…Emotions, impulse control, language, memory, social/ sexual behavior
What occurs if there is parietal lobe injury?
Disruption in ability to locate part of one’s body or recognize part of ones body
What is affected in temporal lobe injury?
Hearing, language, facial recognition and processing sensory information
What is affected in occipital lobe injury?
Distortions of visual fields and changes in perception of color, size and shape
What is affected in cerebellar injury?
Gait, movement, movement tone
Brain stem injury?
HR, breathing, swallowing
Hippocampal injury?
Changes in memory, mood, disordientation
Pituitary injury?
Growth (in children), BP, fatigue depression, sexual drive, body temp, pain
Hypothalamus injury?
Sex drive, thirst, hunger, emotions, sleep
Amygdala injury?
Memory, emotions, depression, anxiety, learning and retention
Define compression fracture?
A depressed skull fracture in which the broken bone exerts pressure on the brain.
Define concussion?
The common result of a blow to the head or sudden deceleration usually causing an altered mental state, either temporary or prolonged. Physiologic or anatomic disruption of connections between some nerve cells in the brain may occur. Often used by the public to refer to a brief loss of consciousness
Define countercoup?
Bruising or damage to brain tissue on the side opposite where the blow was struck
Define diffuse brain injury?
Injury to cells in many areas of the brain rather than in one specific location
Define hemotoma?
Rupture of a blood vessel leading to the collection of blood in brain tissues or empty spaces (epidural, subdural, intracerebral, subarachnoid)
Define focal injury?
A focal Injury is confined to a specific area of the brain
Define penetrating injury?
A penetrating injury occurs when an object, such as a bullet or hay hook, breaks through the skull, enters the brain and rips the soft brain tissue in its path
Define skull fracture:
Skull fracture occurs by breaking of the bones surrounding the brain. A depressed skull fracture is one in which the broken bone exerts pressure on the brain
What is post traumatic amnesia?
Normal part of the healing process:
1- little or no short-term memory
2- disoriented, agitated, angry, impulsive, or extremely emotional
3-disinhibited, demonstrating a complete disregard for social conventions
4- act like a child
5- behave bizarrely or in a manner completely alien to their personality.
Primary components of rehabilitation?
Relearning forgotten skills
Compensating for more enduring impairments
