psychosis

Question 1

What is psychosis:

Answer 1

it is an abnormal mental state involving significant problems with testing reality. It has physical manifestations of delusions, hallucinations, and significantly disorganised speech.

Question 2

what are the 5 domains of psychosis features

Answer 2

delusions, hallucinations, disorganised thinking/speech, grossly disorganised or abnormal motor behaviour, negative symptoms

Question 3

describe the delusions domain

Answer 3

Fixed beliefs that are not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence. So like erotic delusions, when an individual believes falsely that another person is in love with them. Persecutory delusions are the most common. So beliefs that one is going to be harmed by a person, group or organisation.
Delusions that express a loss of control over mind, body are generally considered to be bizzare.

Question 4

describe the hallucinations domain

Answer 4

perception like experiences that occur without an external stimulus. these are clear, vivid, full force of a normal perception and not under voluntary control. auditory halluncinations exist, these are heard and unheard voices

Question 5

disorganised thinking describe this domain

Answer 5

disorganised thinking is typically inferred from the individuals speech. so derailment where the individual may switch from one topic to another. the disorganised speech is common and non specific, the symptom must be severe enough to substantially impair effective communication

Question 6

diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia

Answer 6

two or more of the following symptoms, delusions, hallucinations. (one must be one of those) disorganised speech, grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour, negative symptoms.
B: for a significant portion of time since the onset of the disturbance, level of functioning in one or more major areas, such as work, relations, or self care is markedly below the level achieved prior to onset
c: continuous signs of the disturbance persists for at least 6 months
d:

Question 7

describe the grossly disorganised behaviour domain

Answer 7

can present in many ways from childlike silliness to unpredictable agitation, also catatonic behaviour - marked decrease in reactivity to ones environment, maintains abnormal posture, lack pf verbal response

Question 8

whats the negative symptoms domain

Answer 8

diminished emotional expression, avolition - a lack of motivation to get things done. can also see alogia- diminished speech output, anhedonia.

Question 9

whats the diagnostic criteria for schizophreniform

Answer 9

1: two or more of the following symptoms for significant time during a month - delusions, hallucinations(must be one of these two), disorganised speech, grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour, negative symptoms.
2: for a significant portion of time since the onset of the disturbance, level of functionong in one or more major areas of life is markedly below the level achieved prior to onset
c:signs of disturbacne last at least 6 months
d:not explained by depressive or bipolar disorders.
e: not attributable to substance use
f: if there is autistic history or communication disorder, the schziophrenia diagnosis is only made if prominent hallucinations persist for at least a month.

Question 10

what are the 4 symptom clusters

Answer 10

reality distortion, psychomotor poverty, disorganisation, cognitive domain impaired.

Question 11

diagnostic criteria for schizotypal personality disorder

Answer 11

significant discomfort and a reduced capacity to form and or maintain close interpersonal relationships. also misinterpret small events to have special meaning. believe they have paranormal powers. may present as unkempt.

Question 12

whats the diagnostic criteria for delusional disorder

Answer 12

must have non-bizarre delusions - delusions about things that could possibly happen.
Delusion can have different types, erotomanic types, jealous type, grandiose type - the conviction of havung some great talkent or insight or having made some big discovery, also persecutory type: subtype apllies when the individuals believe that he or she is being conspired against. these feelings are in schizophrenia, but in this disorder these persecutory feelings are more clear, systematic and logical.

Question 13

what is brief psychotic disorder

Answer 13

sudden onset of symptoms that last for a brief period which is less than a month. three types: with obvious stressor, without stressor or postpartum.

Question 14

whats schizoaffective disorder

Answer 14

a disorder characterised by a combination of schizoprenia symptoms like hallucinations or delusions, and mood disorder symptoms like depression or mania. Two types of this disorder - bipolar type has manic episodes and at time major depression.
Depressive type - only includes major depressive episodes.

Question 15

what are some treatments for psychotic spectrum disorders

Answer 15

pharmacotherapy - antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilisers
nursing, social work, spiritual intervention, CBT and so on

Question 16

whats akinatic catatonia

Answer 16

most common type of catatonia, stares blankly and wont respond when spoken to, if they do respond they may only just repeat what you said.

Question 17

whats excited catatonia

Answer 17

person may move around but their movement seems pointless and impulsive. may seem agitated, combative or delerious. may mimic movements of people

Question 18

malignant catatonia

Answer 18

this happens when the symptoms lead to other health problems like blood pressure changes, body temp changes. someone whos catatonic for a long time may be more likely to have problems like dehydration, blood clots, or kidney failure.