personality disorders

Question 1

define personality traits

Answer 1

a stable, recurring pattern of human behaviour

Question 2

define personality type

Answer 2

a constellation of personality traits recognisable as frequent familiar combination

Question 3

define personality disorder

Answer 3

a constellation of personality traits that are inflexible and maladaptive, leading to difficulties in work or interpersonal relations

Question 4

personaility disorders have enduring patterns in two or more areas. what are they

Answer 4

cognition; distorted thinking patterns
affectivity: emotional dysregulation - rnage, intensity, liability and appropriateness of these emotions
behaviour over or under regulation of impulse control
interpersonal difficulties: these are attachment related.
these features are stable, long lasting, pervasive, dysfunctional and a deviation from societal norms

Question 5

define cluster A personaility disorders and what are they

Answer 5

odd, eccentric, bizzare behaviour, often low self awareness.
paranoid PD, Schizoid PD and schizotypal PD

Question 6

define cluster B personality disorders and what are they

Answer 6

the emotional, dramatic and erratic disorders, often seeing difficultues with impulsivity.
antisocial PD, borderline PD, narcissistic PD and Histrionic

Question 7

define cluster C and what are the disorders

Answer 7

the anxious and fareful disorders
avoidance PD, dependant PD and obcessive compulsive PD

Question 8

what does paranoid personality disorder look like and what are treatments

Answer 8

chronically suspicious, distrusting others to excessive degree, assuming the worse intentions in people, doubting others loyalty, unforgiving and holding grudges
treatment considerations:
needs cognitive therapy to counter assumptions and negative beliefs around others
no pharmacotherapies exist

Question 9

schizoid personality disorder, what it look like and treatmens

Answer 9

emotionally cold and distant, difficulty forming relationshops, social isolation, restricted affect - lac of emotional expresssiveness
lack of interest in people, relationships and most activities
treatment considerations:
modelling of healthy relationship skills and emotional expression.
teaching how to identify, express and respond to emotion, social skills training. no evidence of working pharmacotherapy

Question 10

what does schizotypal personality disorder look like and treatment options

Answer 10

social impairment, isolation, social disocomfort, anxiety, odd beliefs and thoughts, unusual perceptions and perceptual experiences. odd speech and presentation, eccentric and peculiar beahviour, inappropriate/blunted affect
treatment skills:
antipsychotics, cognitive and social skill training

Question 11

antisocial personality disorder can only be diagnosed after what age and why

Answer 11

after 18 due to developmental factors that could look like this but is apart of development

Question 12

presentation of antisocial personality disorder and treatment

Answer 12

looks like: agressive, superficial charm, self centered, easily bored, high need for stimulation, sensation/thrill seeking, manipulative, lack of remorse/empathy, enjoy testing boundaries and provoking others, endulging in criminal behavior
treatments:
no solid grounds for pharmacotherapy due to nature of condition around misuse and adherence. possible group based CBT

Question 13

what does narcissistic personality disorder look like and treatments

Answer 13

pattern of grandiosity - overevaluation of abilites and accomplishments, may come across as boastful and pretentious, achievements not aligned with reality, lack of empathy for others, seek admiration from others, self worth that is fragile and dependant on how people percieve them
treatment considerations:
some psychotherapy may work, no pharmacotherapy

Question 14

what is histrionic personality disorder and what does it look like

Answer 14

flamboyant in expression and presentation, may use physical gestures and mannerisms along with grandiose language, high need for attention from others, require excessive approval and reassurance, impressionistic and superficial, overly concerned with appearance
treatment: some psychotherapy, no evidence for pharmacological intervention

Question 15

what is borderline personailty disorder and treatments

Answer 15

intense mood changes with periods of numbness, unstable and intense interpersonal relationships, strong reactions to actual or perceived rejection or abandonment, periods of intense anger, poor sense of self, feelings of emptiness, impulsivity such as spending, eating, substance abuse and sex. recurrent self harm or threats
treatment: dialectual behavioural therapy to manage behaviours that interfere with life, group and individual therapy, pharmacotherapy to assisst mood

Question 16

avoidant personaility disoder looks like and treatments

Answer 16

feelings of inadequacy, low self esteem, worry about critisism, avoiding any situation where there may be critism of onself, or to be rejected, ridiculed, embarrassed or dissaproved of.
treamtment
behavioural interventions mostly - desensitisation to critisism, teaching social skills, behavioural rehersal, assertiveness training

Question 17

what is dependant personality disorder and treatments

Answer 17

clingy, submissive, poor self confidence, urgency and despiration with relationship seeking, rely on someone for everything in their lives, tend to appear compliant
treatment:
replacing unhealthy maladaptive dependancy with flexible adaptive dependancy, encourage setting boundaries and limits.
no meds are more effective than placebo

Question 18

obsessive compulsive personality disorder what is and treatment

Answer 18

perfectionism, controlling, rigid rules and routine, lose the forrest for the trees, rigid morals and values, rigid and stubborn, frugal with money.
treatment:
psychothereapy to treat mood difficulties and drugs with that oo