Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A level psychology: Paper 1 > Psychopathology 2: Phobias > Flashcards

Psychopathology 2: Phobias Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What three questions about phobias could be asked in an exam?

A

-Characteristics
-Behavioural explanation
-Behavioural treatments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A phobia is described as what?

A

An anxiety disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Whilst some fears are normal, a phobia is…

A

an irrational and extreme fear of an object,situation or activity, which is disproportionate to the danger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which percentage of people suffer from a phobia at some point?

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three main categories of phobias?

A

-Specific phobia
-Social Phobia
-Agoraphobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a specific phobia?

A

Any kind of anxiety disorder that amounts to unreasonable or irrational fear related to exposure to specific objects or situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a social phobia?

A

A long-lasting and overwhelming fear of social situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is agoraphobia?

A

A fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three main types of symptoms of a phobia?

A

-Behavioural
-Emotional
-Cognitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are two behavioural symptoms?

A

-Panic
-Avoidance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are two emotional symptoms?

A

-Emotional responses are unreasonable
-Anxiety and fear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are two Cognitive symptoms?

A

-Irrational beliefs about the phobic object
-Cognitive distortions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Behavioural symptoms refer to the way people…

A

act

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Emotional symptoms refer to the way people…

A

feel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cognitive symptoms refer to the ways in which people…

A

think

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the main overall assumption of the behavioural approach?

A

That abnormality is learnt like normal behaviour, so we learn to have a phobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the behavioural explanation of phobias known as?

A

The two-process model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Who suggest the two-process model?

A

Mowrer

19
Q

What does the two-process model suggest?

A

That we acquire through classical conditioning and the phobia is maintained through operant conditioning

20
Q

Which study can we use to explain step 1 of the two-process model?

A

Watson and Rayner study: Little Albert

21
Q

What does the second stage of the two-process model involve?

A

Maintaining a phobia

22
Q

What does the second stage of the two-process model suggest?

A

Classical conditioning effects decline over time- however, a phobia is long lasting

23
Q

How is operant conditiong used in the second stage of the two-process model?

A

Negative reinforcement occurs because a person avoids the phobic object, which reduces their anxiety making them feel better.

24
Q

What are the 5 evaluations of the behavioural explanation of phobias?

A

😍It is scientific
😍Led to development of systematic desensitisation
😞Evidence which contradicts
😞Reductionist
😞Better explanation takes into account both biology and environmental factors

25
Q

Which study contradicts behavioural explanation of phobias?

A

Menzies and Clarke - Only 2% of children who have a phobia of water actually had a frightening experience with water in the past

26
Q

What would be a better model for the behavioural explanation rather than the two-process model?

A

The diathesis stress model, which states that while biology may be pre-dispose someone to phobias, environmental factors must also be present.

27
Q

What analogy is used for the diathesis stress model?

A

Biology loads the gun but the environment pulls the trigger, so a combo of nature and nurture

28
Q

The behavioural approach believes that phobias are learnt, therefore can be…

A

Unlearnt

29
Q

How does systematic desensitisation work?

A

By gradually introducing the patient to phobic content, by replacing fear and anxiety with relaxation.

30
Q

What does the behavioural approach believe about anxiety and relaxation?

A

you cannot feel both at the same time, hence systematic desensitisation replaces anxiety with relaxation

31
Q

How many stages are in systematic desensitisation?

A

3

32
Q

What are the three steps of systematic desensitisation? (simplified)

A

-Consutruction of fear/anxiety hierarchy
-Relaxation training
-Gradually introduced to phobic object

33
Q

What happens in the first step of systematic desensitization?

A

-The fear/anxiety hierarchy is made by the patient and therapist.
-At the bottom of this hierarchy is what the patient would feel most comfortable with
-At the top of this hierarchy is what would create the most fear
-Inner stages gradually build fear

34
Q

What happens in the second step of systematic desensitization?

A

-Client is provided with relaxation training
-Learn to engage in deep muscle relaxation
-Achieved through deep breathing

35
Q

What happens in third stage of systematic desensitisation?

A

-Patient gradually explosed to phobic object/situation
-Uses relaxation techniques
-Cannot move up hierarchy until completely relaxed
-Once top of hierarchy is reached treatment is complete

36
Q

What are the evaluations of systematic desensitisation?

A

😍There is evidence to show effectiveness as a treatment
😍Systematic desensitisation requires little effort comparatively
😍Not as unethical as flooding
😞Treats symptoms but not cause

37
Q

What does flooding involve?

A

Exposing the patient to the phobic object without a gradual build up

38
Q

What does: In-vitro or In-vivo mean?

A

In-vitro: imagined exposure
In-vivo: Actual exposure

39
Q

Flooding leads to the prevention of…

A

avoidance

40
Q

When is flooding done until?

A

The patient is calm and anxiety is receded

41
Q

What lasts longer? flooding or SD?

A

Sessions last longer in flooding but flooding is only one session

42
Q

How does flooding work?

A

It proves that the phobic object is harmless, or they become calm and relaxed around the object due to not being able to feel fear for prolonged periods of time

43
Q

Flooding involves overcoming phobias through…

A

Counter-conditioning

44
Q

What are the evaluations of flooding?

A

😍Cost effective
😞Not effective for all phobias
😞Traumatic for patients

A level psychology: Paper 1 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions