psychology of aging

Question 1

2 types of elder abuse:
1—- that cause harm (or serious risk of harm) to a vulnerable elder by a caregiver or other person who stands in a trust relationship to the elder
2.— by a caregiver to satisfy the elder’s basic needs or to —- the elder from harm
- frequency — of older adults

Answer 1

• intentional
• failure
• protect
• 2-10%

Question 2

-elder abuse is the abuse of someone aged – or over this happens in a relationship where there is an expectation of —
(e.g. family, health professionals)
- can be a — of related act or —-
- causes —-
1- ➢ Experiencing mistreatment associated with —- folds increase in likelihood of death in 3-year
follow-up
➢ Can lead to serious —- injuries and long- term —- consequences.

Answer 2

• 65
• trust
• single
• lack of action
• harm, distress or violation of
  human rights
• 3 folds
• physical
• psychological

Question 3

types and signs of elder abuse:
1. ——: seems depressed, confused, withdrawn
2. —- : Isolated from friends and/or family
3. —-: Has unexplained bruises, injuries, burns, scars. Has bed sores, or other preventable conditions
4. —–: appears underfed, dirty, dehydrated, under/over medicalised, not receiving medical care
5. —-l: changes in banking/spending patterns

Answer 3

• emotional
• social
• physical
• neglect
• financial

Question 4

risk factors for elder abuse:
1- living in —- as —-
2—
3- social —
4- — state of perpetrator
5-

Answer 4

• shared accommodation as nursing homes bc more opportunities to contact w HCP
• demina: Disruptive behaviours, frailty, cognitive impairment
• social isolation : increased family stress, abuse hidden from public
• pathological: substance abuse , mental illness
• close relative of the abused

Question 5

Showing prejudice, stereotyping or
discrimination because of a person’s age is known as —-
the stereotype is — and failing —– dependent on others
— experience age discrimination in healthcare service

Answer 5

• agesim
• passive
• physical and cognitive
• 1 in 5
  examples of ageism :
• Rationing medical care for older patients – (e.g. COVID-
  19 treatments, access to surgery, etc.)
• Lack of access to screening services
• Assuming behaviour linked to cognitive impairment - not
  screened for mental health problems: Assuming
  behaviour linked to cognitive impairment
• Not offered lifestyle treatments
• Less than 1% are hospital in-patients: Do medical
  students have a skewed perspective on older adults –
  only see the sickest older patients?

Question 6

Strategies for a Healthy Adulthood and OldAge: Baltes’ Model of Successful Ageing
-* What about people who age successfully and avoid negative outcomes? –>

Answer 6

SOC model
* Selection – an adaptive response where you focus on fewer aspects of functioning
* Optimisation – maximise ability in those aspects
* Compensation – use psychological and technical strategies to enhance function
e.g. pianist – fewer pieces, more practice,
contrasts in tempo
-* Use of strategies associated wit h a range of outcomes including psychological well-being, self-management and QoL

Question 7

caregivers
- estimated — of population
- more – than —
- majority are – years and average of — one in five provide —- hrs/weel of care

Answer 7

• Est. 15-20% of population
• More women than men (est. 59%-
  79%)
  – 50% increase in men as primary
  caregivers between 1984-1994
  – Women spend 50% more time
  than men
• Majority are 35-65 yrs; ave. 47 yrs
• Person providing care: adult child
  (41-44%); spouse if older, living in
  home
• One in five provide > 40 hrs/week of
  care

Question 8

physical effects of caregiving:

Answer 8

• 23% rate health as worse, 21% report fair or poor health
• 53% say their decline in health has affected their ability to provide
  care
• Most common aspects of health that have worsened because of
  caregiving:
  – 87% Energy & sleep
  – 70% Stress and/or panic attacks
  – 60% Pain or aching
  – 52% Depression
  – 41% Headaches
  – 38% Weight gain/loss

Question 9

characteristic of caregiver burnout :

Answer 9

• Clinical indications
  – Changes in appetite, headache, fatigue, difficulties
  concentrating, insomnia, > alcohol
• Increased stress & anxiety
• Circular thinking
  – Trapped in own perspectives
• Social isolation
• Depressive & affective symptoms
  – Loss of control, powerlessness, guilt, grief

Question 10

why it matters:

Answer 10

• Be aware of your stereotypes and prejudices in relation to aging
• Communication: adjust your consultation style; allow more time for information to be considered before asking questions
• Advise: help older patients understand that exercise can
  improve cognitive and physical functioning even in older age
• Healthcare professionals need to be able to identify abnormal patterns of development and treat them
  appropriately to minimise disturbances to
  physical/psychological growth
• Being aware of people’s capabilities at different age’s also allows for optimal HCP-patient communication