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femoral regions Flashcards

1
Q

lower limb includes:
which are responsible for:

A

Composed of six regions:
 Gluteal
 Femoral
 Knee
 Leg
 Ankle
 Foot
functions:
* Support of body weight
* Locomotion
* Maintain balance

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2
Q

1-limbs are divided into — which are divided into —- by a ——-
2- thigh and gluteal region are —– which encloses —– this is thickened and reinforced by longitudinal fibres forming —–

A
  • segments
  • compartments
  • thick stocking like membrane
  • fascia lata
  • large thigh muscles
  • iliotibial tract
    ( check structure )
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3
Q

femoral region:
-The muscles of the thigh are divided into 3 compartments:
- thes walls are formed by —- and the — fascia that attach to the lines aspera of femur

A

1- anterior
2- medial
3- posterior
- fascia lata and 3 fascia
- intermuscular septa

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4
Q

anterior compartment of the thigh:

A
  • Quadriceps femoris (4)
  • Iliopsoas – (Psoas major
    and Illiacus)
  • Sartorius
  • has Femoral nerve
    ( check structure slide 12,13)
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5
Q

—- passes deep to the inguinal ligament
attachement:
1- —– : anterior surface of iliac crest
2- ——: lumbar vertebral column
and discs (T12-L5)
insertion:
action:

A
  • lliopsoas
  • illiacus
  • posts major
  • lesser trochanter
  • Flexes thigh at hip (most powerful hip
    flexor)
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6
Q

sartorius :
1- attachement:
2- insertion:
3- action:
- has: ——-

A

1-Anterior superior iliac spine
2-Tibia (inferomedial to tibial tuberosity)
3-Flexes (primarily), abducts & laterally
rotates thigh at hip
Flexes leg at knee
- pes anserinus ( goose foot )
- ( say grace before tea :Sartorius, Gracilis, SemiTendinosus)

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7
Q

tensor fasciae latea:
1- attachement:
2- insertion :
3- action:
4- intervention:

A

1-Anterior superior iliac spine
2-Iliotibial tract (lateral condyle of the tibia)
3- Flexes, abducts, med rotates thigh at hip , Tenses the fascia lata
4- superior gluteal nerve

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8
Q

-Quadriceps Femoris consists of:
- testing quadriceps by:

A
  1. Rectus femoris
  2. Vastus medialis
  3. Vastus intermedius
  4. Vastus lateralis
    - testing by:
    – Apply one hand to post aspect of
    thigh & other slightly superior to
    ankle
    – Extend leg against practitioner’s
    resistance
    – Watch for individual leaning
    backward & recruiting hip flexors
    or exclusively using rectus
    femoris
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9
Q

quads femeoris - rectus femoris:
1- attachement:
2- insertion:
3- action:

A
  • Anterior inferior iliac spine
    -Quadriceps Femoris Tendon
  • flexes thigh at hip and extends leg at knee
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10
Q

quads femoris :
2. Vastus Lateralis
3. Vastus Medialis
4. Vastus intermedius
- attachement:
- insertion:
-action:

A
  • femur
  • quad femerous tendon
  • extends leg at knee
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11
Q

1-
—– injury of knee by direct blow or sudden twist of leg
1- — slips out the normal position in pattellofemoral groove ( intense pain )
2- manual reposition by ——
2-
—– among most common knee injuries usually from hard blow to front of knee
1- nondisplaced fracture:
2- displaced fracture:

A
  • patellar dislocation
  • patella
  • extending leg or orthopaedic reduction ( – Swelling & impaired mobility
    – Rehabilitation 6-16 wks )
  • patellar ( kneecap ) fracture
  • 4-6 wks immobilization in cast
  • surgical treatment followed by
    quadriceps strengthening
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12
Q

1-medial compartment of thigh:
2- *Obturator nerve except
Pectineus and ½ Adductor
Magnus
3- Hamstring portion of adductor
magnus is —

A
  • Pectineus
  • Gracilis
  • Obturator Externus
  • Adductor (3)
  • Brevis
  • Longus
  • Magnus
  • sciatic n
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13
Q

pectineus :
1- attachment:
2- insertion:
3- action:

A
  • Pectineal line of pubis
  • Oblique line of the proximal
    femur
  • adducts and flexes thigh at hip
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14
Q

—— Most Superficial Muscle on Medial Thigh

A

gracilis:
1-Attachment:
Inferior pubic ramus
2-Insertion:
Proximal shaft of tibia
3-Action:
* Adducts thigh at hip
* Flexes leg at knee
* Medially rotates leg
“Say Grace before Tea”
Sartorius, Gracilis, Semitendinosus
-Pes Anserinus
(“goose foot”)

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15
Q

—— covers Anterior Wall of Pelvis

A

-Obturator Externus
1-Attachment:
Obturator membrane
2-Insertion:
Trochanteric fossa
3-Action:
* Laterally rotates thigh at
hip
* Stabilises femur in
acetabulum

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16
Q

Adductor Brevis and Longus:

A

Adductor Brevis
1-Attachment:
Body of pubis and inferior
pubic ramus
2-Insertion:
Proximal femur and upper 1/3
of linea aspera
Adductor Longus
1-Attachment:
Body of pubis
2-Insertion:
½ way down the femur

17
Q

—- large triangular muscle

A

Adductor Magnus
Attachment:
* Ischiopubic ramus
* Ischial tuberosity
Insertion:
Gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera,
medial supracondylar line and
adductor tubercle

18
Q

actions of thigh muscle:
1- anterior:
2- medial compartment;
2- posterior compartment

A

1-
Flexion of thigh at the hip
Extension of leg at the knee
2- adduction of thigh and hip

19
Q

femoral triangle:
- boundaries ( think SAIL )
1- —- : medial border of (s)aritours
2- —-: medial border of (a)dductor longus
3—-: (l)inguinal (l)ligament

A
  • lateral
    -medial
    -superior
20
Q

femoral traingle:
1- floor:
2- roof:
3- content:

A

1- floor:
– Iliopsoas (laterally)
– Pectineus & adductor longus
(medially)
2- fascia lata
3- navel from lateral —> medial
* Terminal part of femoral Nerve
* Femoral Artery
* Femoral Vein
* Empty space
* Lymphatics
( all are from femoral sheath and empty space and lymphatics are from the femoral canal and the femoral sheath )

21
Q

—– funnel shaped fascial tube behind inguinal ligament
1- femoral nerve is —- and — within fennoral sheath
2- —– permeates roof the triangle to drain femoral vein
3- The apex of the triangle is continuous inferiorly with a —-

A
  • femoral sheath
  • lateral and not contained
  • great saphenous vein
  • fascial canal - adductor canal
22
Q

the femoral canal contains —- allows —- and entrance is —

A

1- contains lymphatic embedded in loose fatty connective tissue
2- allows for expansion of femoral vein
3- entrance is femoral ring

23
Q

—- is the opening into the femoral canal from the abdominal cavity and the boundaries include:

A
  • femoral ring
  • boundaries are:
  • Anterior: inguinal ligament
  • Lateral: femoral vein
  • Medial: lacunar ligament
  • Posterior: pectineal ligament
    ( check structure pls)
24
Q

—- protrusion of abdominal contents
through the femoral ring into the
femoral canal
clinical diagnosis include:

A
  • femoral hernia
  • swelling below and lateral to pubic tubercle
    ( check lower limb blood supply slide 39)
25
Q

thigh - blood supply:
1- —- supplies very little in thigh itself
2- the thigh is mainly supplied by —–

A
  • femoral artery from external iliac artery
  • branched of femoral artery ( profound femoris artery by which profound means deep) and it rises:
  • Medial circumflex femoral artery
  • Lateral circumflex femoral artery
  • Perforating branches (~ 4) that pass
    through adductor magnus to supply
    back of thigh
26
Q

thigh - blood supply:
1- —– deep femoral ( profound femoris ) artery
2- —- obturator artery

A
  • anterior compartment
  • medial compartment
27
Q

lower limb - venous drainage
1- —> superficial
2- —> deep

A

1- great saphenous
2- femoral vein

28
Q

—– is a serious clinical condition which is the complication in pulmonary occlusion (caused by DVT travelling through circulatory system & entering
pulmonary circulation), can result in
cardiopulmonary arrest
— that prevents circulation from continuoing leads to — in preipheral tissue
- presence of clot in deep and large vein will lead to:

A

1- deep venous thrombosis
2- clot
3-swelling
4- lower extremities and may propagate into femoral veins

29
Q

varicose veins of legs:
— prevents blood from flowing backward , the return of venous blood from lower limbs to heart requires —
— leaflets of valves no longer meet properly , by which the blood can accumulate in —–
- most common in —- w – when standing ( great saphenous vein )
- various veins are — and lead to —
- treated by:

A
  • valves
  • pump ( think gravity )
  • varicous
  • superficial vein
  • superficial veins of legs
  • Hugh pressure
  • painful , lead to leg swelling , thick skin and ulceration
  • treatment: vein obliteration, support
    stockings, elevating legs, exercise

BMF (17 decks)

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