autonomic nervous system Flashcards
ANS is the – branch of – division of the PNS and it controls the body’s — environment aka – activities in a coordinated manner as:
- internal organs/ visera controlled by ans are:
- involuntary
- efferent
- internal
- visceral
- hear rate and circulation, digestion , and respiration
- heart lungs stomach git spleen pancreas bladder and rectum kidney and liver and eye ( pupil )
-A muscle or gland innervated by autonomic fibers is called an —
-If the autonomic nerve fibers to an effector organ are cut, the organ may continue to —-, but will lack the capability of —-to changing conditions.
- effector organ
- function
- adjusting
- CNS has a —
- the regions regulating ANS are:
1- — and — in — which control the:
2- — which has a major role
3- —– for:
- central control
- medulla and pons in brain stem for controlling cvs respiratory and digestive fats
- hypothalamus (-> HPA, Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis) for heart rate bp , respiration( via medulla)
- spinal cord for:
Integrates autonomic reflexes not subject to higher control e.g. urination, defecation
the 2 divisons of ANS are: and these are — activated under most circumstances aka – activity
- symothatic and para
- partial
- tonic activity
( Technically, the enteric nervous system is a 3rd division: vast network of nerve fibers that innervate the digestive tract
—– is for restoring and maintaining - rest and digest and is not rewired for emergencies which allows us to conserve and unwind energy
—– is activated in emergency situation in fight or flight and involves stress
- advantages of dual system includes :
- para
- sympthayic
- Advantage of „dual system“”
-Rapid and precise control over organ/tissue‘s activity
-Like having an accelerator and a brake on a car
e.g. like letting up on accelerator vs applying brake
-Very rapid transitions from rest state to fight or flight
—- promotes normal maintences and secretion ad mobility of different parts of digestive tract and at involves urination and defecation
para
—- emergency situations, body needs sudden burst of energy
1- it increases —- and pulmonary —
2- routes — to —
3- raises — and — digestion
4- kidney —- and other fucntions not needed in emergencies
- the whole —-system tends to go off together but — doesnt
- sympthatic
- caridac output
- pulmonary ventilation
- blood to muscle
- raise blood glucose
- slows down digestion
- filtration
- sympthatic
- para
-Each ANS pathway from CNS to organ/effector is —-
from CNS —> —- > —-> —>
- two-neutron chain
- pre ganglion —> ganglion — > postganglion — > organ
( check slide 15 pls)
origins of symothatic and para are from different parts of cns
1- para:
1- pregnaglionic : —– and —- , the preganglionic nerves are — and —-
2- postganglionic nevose are — and —
- cranial ( x-vagus nerve ) and sacral ( lower spinal cord )
-long and myleinated - short and unmylinated
( check slide 18 pls)
origins of sympthetic:
- pregangloinc from : —- and — of the spinal cord
- these are — and —
- symothatic postganglioni are — and —-
- sympthatic ganglia lie in — either side of spinal cord and have sympathetic trunk
- thoracic and lumbar ( T1-L3)
- short and myelinated
- long and unmylinated
- chain
( check slide 20 )
ANS uses 2 main neurotransmitters which are: — and —-
- all preganglionc ANS release —
- achetcholine ( ACh )
- noradrenaline ( NA)
-ACh ( so both pre and postganglionic release ach)
check slide 22 plsss
1-Each autonomic NT can stimulate activity in some tissues but have lower activity in others
- na — heart rate and — contraction of digestive tract
- repose is property of — not —
- tissue/organ targets possess — receptor by binding of nt induce —
- increases
- decreases
- tissue
- not nt
- one or more
- tissue-specific réponse
check slide 24 soo important
1- in para:
- all are receptors for:
- but ACh receptor is different at — and —
2- in sympathetic:
- AChR at — and NA-R at —
- ACh
- ganglion and target tissue
- ganglion
- target tissue
cholinergic receptor- 2 types that bind to acetylcholine:
1- nicotine:
- found in all —–
- r activated by ach released from —-
- r also activated by — derivative nicotine
- its —- hence 000 responses
2- muscarninc:
- binds ACh released from —-
- found on —-
- r also activated by —
- – types of muscarine ACh receptor
- all G protein-coupled —– receptors
- === acting effect
- post ans cell bodies
- pre either para or symp
- tobacco
- inotropic
- fast
( *NN or N2 – the NM or N1 is at the skeletal neuromuscular junction) - post of para nerves
- effector cell menrvabes as smooth muscle glands or cardiac muscle
- mushroom poison muscarine
- 5
- metabolic
- slow
muscarinic receptors:
1- M2: has —- response
- located on —
- receptor couples to increase —- and inhibits —
- eg:
2- m3 has — response
- located in —
- G proteins couples to —
- example :
- inhibitory
- cardiac tissue
- k+ conductance
- calcium channels
- decrease heart contraction
- excitatory
- digestive ssutyem
- ca+2 second messenger system
- increase granular secretion and increase GIT motility
( check slide 35 , 37)
