psychology 9 Flashcards
Motivation is the study of…..
the ‘WHYs’ of human behavior (why people engage in certain behavior).
What is extrinsic motivation?
type of motivation in which a person performs an action because it leads to an outcome that is separate from or external to the person. Example: Going to work for money.
What is intrinsic motivation?
type of motivation in which a person performs an action because the act itself is rewarding or satisfying in some internal manner. Example: Creating a web site for fun.
Emotions refer to subjective feelings like…
- Arousal
- Cognition
- Facial expression
What is Instinct theory?
Motivation that results from behaviours that are unlearned, uniform in expression, and universal in a species
What is Drive Reduction theory?
Motivation begins with a physiological need (a lack or deficiency) that elicits a drive toward behaviour that will satisfy the original need
What is Arousal theory?
Organisms are motivated to achieve and maintain an optimal level of arousal.
What is Incentive theory (Psychosocial Theories)?
Motivation results from environmental stimuli that “pull” the organism in certain directions.
What is Cognitive theory (Psychosocial theories)?
Motivation is affected by attributions, or how we interpret or think about our own or others actions.
What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (biopsychosocial theory)?
Lower motives (such as physiological and safety needs) must be satisfied before advancing to higher needs (such as belonging and self-esteem).
What are the hierarchy of needs from top to bottom?
- Self actualization needs
- Esteem needs
- Belonging and love needs
- Safety needs
- Physiological needs
Hunger comes from…
The hypothalamus
what is bulimia?
a condition in which a person develops a cycle of “binging” or overeating enormous amounts of food at one sitting, and “purging” or deliberately vomiting after Menu eating.
what is the role of brain in hunger?
A region of the hypothalamus, the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) seems to function as a satiety center, or an off switch, for our hunger. Rats with VMH damage will overeat and become obese.
the lateral hypothalamus (LH), functions as a
hunger center, or an on switch, for eating behavior. Rats with LH lesions damage will become terminally anorexic.
There are three basic components to all emotions; what are they?
- The cognitive - thoughts, belief and expectation
- The physiological - increased heart, rate, respiration rate
- Behavioral - facial expression and bodily gestures
what is emotion?
the “feeling” aspect of consciousness, characterized by a certain physical arousal, a certain behavior that reveals the emotion to the outside world, and an awareness of feelings.
Emotional Intelligence is
one’s ability to perceive emotions accurately, appraise it realistically and express it appropriately.
Mayer and Salovey have proposed another adaptive aspects of emotion. It involves:
knowing one’s and other emotions, Empathy, Maintaining satisfying relationship.
Some researchers like Daniel Goleman emphasizes the importance of EQ which involves ;
- Self-awareness (Personal competence)
- Self-management (Personal competence)
- Social awareness (Social competence)
- Relationship management (Social competence)
There are three basic components to all emotions;
the cognitive (thoughts, belief and expectation); the physiological (increased heart rate, respiration rate); and the behavioral (facial expression and bodily gestures).
What is the James-Lange Theory?
The James-Lange theory suggest emotion depend on the feedback we get from our physiological arousal*. It means we interpret the way we feel on the basis of physical sensations such as increased heart rate etc.
What is the cannon bard theory?
The Cannon-Bard theory suggest that all emotion are physiologically similar and that arousal, behavior and emotion occur simultaneously.
What is facial feedback hypothesis?
The facial feed back hypothesis asserts that facial movements elicit specific emotions. Contraction various facial muscles send specific messages to the brain, which help us identify each basic emotion.
Example, when we are exposed to pictures of angry faces, the eyebrow muscles involved in frowning are activated.
