psychology 13

Question 1

Psychotherapy is….

Answer 1

a general term for the various methods designed to improve psychological functioning and promote adjustment to life

Question 2

Psychotherapy focuses on five basic areas of disturbance. What are they?

Answer 2

thoughts, emotion, interpersonal and life situations and biomedical.

Question 2

Biomedical theories use biological techniques to

Answer 2

relieve psychological disorders

Question 3

Drug therapy use…

Answer 3

chemicals (drugs) to treat physical and psychological disorder.

Question 4

What are three major forms of biomedical therapy?

Answer 4

drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and psychosurgery.

Question 5

give Examples of anti-anxiety drugs

Answer 5

– valium, and xanax have been used in the treatment of anxiety disorders.

Question 6

give examples of anti-psychotic drugs

Answer 6

Thorazine, are used to relieve or diminish psychotic symptoms such as schizophrenia.

Question 7

give examples of anti depressants

Answer 7

Elavil are used to treat depression.

Question 8

give examples of mood stabilizers

Answer 8

Lithium are used to stabilize Bipolar disorders.

Question 9

In (blank), a brief but severe electric shock to the brain is used to treat severe, based on passing electrical current through the brain when drug therapy does not work.

Answer 9

Electroconvulsive therapies – ECT

Question 10

Psychosurgeries such as prefrontal lobotomies have been…

Answer 10

successful in treating certain disorders, but they are highly risk.

Question 11

(blank) was developed by Sigmund Freud to uncover unconscious conflicts and bring them into conscious awareness. These conflict were believed to stem from childhood experiences.

Answer 11

Psychoanalysis/psychodynamic therapies

Question 12

The 5 major techniques of Psychoanalysis are..

Answer 12

i) Free Association*
ii) Dream analysis
iii) Resistance
iv) Transference
v) Interpretation

Question 13

what is dream analysis?

Answer 13

Is similar to Free association, the content of dreams is examined on a superficial level (manifest content) and a deeper level (latent content) that is presumed to reveal the true hidden meaning.eg riding a horse.

Question 14

What is free association?

Answer 14

The patient says whatever comes to mind. Regardless of how painful, embarrassing, or irrelevant it may seem.

Question 15

(blank) Is a stage in psychoanalysis where the patient avoids (resist) the analyst’s attempt to bring unconscious material to conscious awareness

E.g if the patient pauses during significant points in conversation or changes topic suddenly, the therapist’s job to identify these resistance, help patients face their problem and learn to deal them in a realistic manner.

Answer 15

resistance

Question 16

(blank) Is the process whereby patients may transfer unconscious feeling about significant person in his life into therapist. Eg : seeking or loving intimacy with therapist.

Answer 16

Transference

Question 17

(blank) Is the core all psychoanalytic therapy. During free association, dreams, resistance, and transference, the therapies listen closely and observes pattern of hidden conflict. At the right time, therapist explain (interpret) the true, underlying meanings to the client.

The goal is to provide insight that can help patient uncover and resolve previously repressed memories, thoughts and unconscious conflict.

Answer 17

interpretation

Question 18

Psychoanalysis has been the subject of great debate. There are two major areas of criticism. WHAT ARE THEY?

Answer 18

1. It has limited availability because it is time-consuming, expensive and therefore is restricted to a only a small group of people.
2. It has also been criticized for a lack of scientific credibility, particularly the inability to prove or disprove its theories.

Question 19

(blank) Emphasizes the importance of faulty thought processes and beliefs in the creation of problem behaviors.(altering destructive thought)

E.g, “If I don’t get A in PT 10103, I’m worthless” “ If in mid exam I cannot answer very well, means that I might face the same problem in this coming final exam”

Answer 19

Cognitive therapies*

Question 20

Two most well-known cognitive approaches are;

Answer 20

1. Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (Albert Ellis)
2. Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Question 21

Albert Ellis’s (blank) performs a type of cognitive restructuring by examining the belief system intervening between an activating experience and a consequence. (blank) assumes that misconception within the belief system can be consciously evaluated and replaced with more effective ways of thinking.

Answer 21

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (Albert Ellis)

Question 22

Ellis’sRational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT): eliminates

Answer 22

self-defeating beliefs through rational examination

Question 23

The Goal of Ellis’s therapy is to

Answer 23

help people control their emotional reactions by helping them correct their thoughts.

Question 24

Cognitive therapy focuses on developing adaptive, rather than maladaptive thought such as;

Answer 24

1. Arbitrary inference (jumping to conclusions) 2. Overgeneralization (conclusions based on one incident) 3. Selective perception (focuses more on negative aspects)

Question 25

In Carl Rogers’ client-centered approach, the therapist offers

Answer 25

empathy, unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and active listening as a means of facilitating personal growth.

Question 26

A group of techniques based on learning principles that are used to change maladaptive behaviors. What is it?

Answer 26

Behavior therapies

Question 27

Behavior therapist use classical conditioning principles to change associations. There are two techniques based on these principal;

Answer 27

1. Systematic desensitization* (the client replaces anxiety with relaxation response when confronting the feared stimulus) b. Aversion therapy (Pairing an aversive (unpleasant) stimulus with a maladaptive behavior).

Question 28

a. Desensitization is a three step process;

Answer 28

i) A client is taught how to maintain a state of deep relaxation that is physiologically incompatible with anxiety response. ii) The therapist and client construct a hierarchy or ranked listing of 10 or anxiety-arousing images. iii) The final step ; the client need to relax, then mentally visualizes or physically experiences items at the bottom of the hierarchy and works his or her way to the most anxiety producing images at the top. If any image or situation begins to create anxiety, the client stops momentarily and returns to a state of complete relaxation. Eventually the fear response is extinguished.

Question 29

Example of aversion therapy

Answer 29

Someone who wants to stop drinking, could take a drug called Antabuse that causes vomiting whenever alcohol enters the system. When the new connection between alcohol and nausea has been classically conditioned, engaging in the once desirable habit will cause an immediate negative response.

Question 30

In operant conditioning techniques, what does the description below refer to? Weaken maladaptive responses with flooding and implosion therapy.

Answer 30

Extinction procedures

Question 31

In operant conditioning techniques, what does the description below refer to? lessen anxiety by exposing a client to a carefully controlled environment in which an anxiety-provoking stimulus is presented harmlessly. E.g a person who is afraid of heights would be taken to the top of a tall building.

Answer 31

Flooding therapy

Question 32

In operant conditioning techniques, what does the description below refer to? weakens anxiety by having clients imagine as vividly as possible the unpleasant events that cause it. E.g you once drowned and now you fear of swimming. The therapist asked you to get into the water, and this would cause you to feel anxiety. But soon you would realize that nothing has happened to you. You would stop feeling afraid.

Answer 32

Implosion therapy

Question 33

In operant conditioning techniques, what does the description below refer to? desired behaviors are rewarded with tokens , which can be turned in for specific items, like candy, television watching or computer time.

Answer 33

Token economies

Question 34

(blank) are employed by having clients watch and imitate positive role models. E.g , phobic clients are exposed to others successfully engaging with a phobic stimulus.

Answer 34

Modeling principles

Question 35

Treat multiple individuals simultaneously, often applying psychoanalytic, cognitive, humanistic, and behavioral techniques. What therapy is this?

Answer 35

Group Therapies

Question 36

A variation on group therapy is

Answer 36

1) self-help Group 2) Family therapies