Philosophy lecture 5 Flashcards
What is Islamic Philosophy?
Islamic philosophy refers to the integration of religious, rational, and practical perspectives in understanding knowledge and education.
What are Three Perspectives in Islamic Philosophy:
i. Conservative-Religious (الفقهي-الديني)
ii. Pragmatic (الواقعي -النفعي)
iii. Rational-Philosophical (الفلسفي العقلي)
What is Conservative-Religious (الفقهي-الديني) ?
Focus on religious teachings (e.g., Al-Ghazali).
What is Pragmatic (الواقعي -النفعي)?
Emphasis on practical and beneficial knowledge.
What is Rational-Philosophical (الفلسفي العقلي) ?
Rational thinking in education (e.g., Ibn Rushd, Ibn Tufail, Al-Kindi).
What are some key thinkers in Islamic philosophy?
Al-Ghazali
Ibn Rushd & Ibn Tufail
Ikhwan Al-Safa
Ibn Khaldun
Explain Al-Ghazali
Religious explanation of education.
Explain Ibn Rushd & Ibn Tufail
Emphasized rational thought.
Explain Ikhwan Al-Safa
Group of scholars focusing on individual development and rationality.
Explain Ibn Khaldun
Used knowledge for the advancement of the Islamic nation.
What are 3 core concepts in Islamic philosophy?
i. Metaphysics (Reality)
ii. Epistemology (Knowledge)
iii. Axiology (Values)
Explain Metaphysics (Reality)
- Oneness of Allah – The universe is unified, purposeful, and interdependent.
- Human nature (Fitrah/الفطرة) – Humans are naturally inclined to recognize Allah.
- Man as Allah’s vicegerent (خليفة) – People have a duty to uphold justice and virtue.
Explain Epistemology (Knowledge)
- Knowledge is spiritual, intellectual, and religious.
- Man is composed of mind and spirit.
- Islamic education covers all fields of knowledge.
Explain Axiology (Values)
- Religious values guide both the individual and society.
- Emphasis on purity, justice, and peace.
Name 6 principles of education in Islam
i. Understanding Islam
Deep knowledge is necessary for proper application.
ii. Role of Rationality
Encourages critical thinking and scientific inquiry.
iii. Faith is a Personal Matter
Education should not judge others’ beliefs.
iv. Reflection on Allah’s Creation
Encourages contemplation of the universe.
v. Direct Connection with Allah
No religious authority controls education.
vi. Tolerance
Education fosters respect and peaceful co-existence.
(Based on Al-Azhar philosopher Mohammed Abdo.)
Explain Understanding Islam
Deep knowledge is necessary for proper application.
Explain Role of Rationality
Encourages critical thinking and scientific inquiry.
Explain Faith is a Personal Matter
Education should not judge others’ beliefs.
Explain Reflection on Allah’s Creation
Encourages contemplation of the universe.
Explain Direct Connection with Allah
No religious authority controls education.
Explain Tolerance
Education fosters respect and peaceful co-existence.
What is the purpose of education in Islam?
- The ultimate goal is to know and worship Allah.
Islamic education aims to develop individuals with:
- Faith (Iman)
- Righteousness (Taqwa)
- Tolerance and Brotherhood
- Moral Responsibility
- Balanced Life and Afterlife Perspective
The curriculum in Islamic education is based on…
the Quran and Sunnah.
The curriculum in Islamic education includes both religious and intellectual subjects, such as:
- Arabic & Persian
- Grammar & Literature
- Logic & Philosophy
- History & Geography
- Medicine & Agriculture
Who are 2 key thinkers in Islamic education?
- Al-Ghazali (Learning through practical application and divine guidance)
- Ibn Khaldun (Stressed reasoning and critical thinking)
Teachers are seen as
guardians of knowledge
Explain Islamic ethics in teaching for classroom management in Islamic education.
Teachers should display humility, honesty, and commitment.
Explain learning environment in classroom management in islamic education
Based on love, respect, and guidance rather than control.
What is the role of teacher in Islamic education?
- Are inheritors of prophetic knowledge.
- Should demonstrate strong Islamic ethics.
- Guide students rather than control them.
What is the role of student in Islamic education?
- Are seekers of knowledge.
- Must display commitment to learning.
- Are encouraged to reflect on the universe and its purpose.
Name 3 evaluation in Islamic Education
i. Formative Evaluation
ii. Behavior Observation
iii. Self reflection and critical thinking
Explain Formative Evaluation
Focuses on the learning process.
Explain Behaviour Observation
Evaluates moral and ethical development.
Explain self reflection and critical thinking
Encouraged through questioning and reasoning
What are 4 Challenges in Islamic Education?
- Do Muslim teachers uphold Islamic ethics?
- Is education still valued as emphasized in Islamic philosophy?
- Is there a conflict between Western education models and Islamic values?
- Are Muslim education systems influenced by Western methods?
Etymology….Islam means?
peace, submission, and knowledge.
What is metaphysics?
The belief in God, angels, prophets, resurrection, and destiny.
What are the five pillars of Islam?
Shahadah, prayer, fasting, zakat, and hajj.
What are the educational aims of Islamic education?
Character building, religious devotion, and balanced knowledge.
What is the Organization of Islamic Education?
Bismillah Ritual – Initiation of learning at a young age.
Maktab (Primary School) – Basic religious education.
Madrasa (Higher Education) – Advanced Islamic studies.
What are the methods of teaching in Islam?
Memory-Based Learning – Recitation and memorization.
Reading & Writing – Strengthening literacy.
Oral Discussions – Encouraging debate and reasoning.
Experience-Based Learning – Application of knowledge in real life.
What are 3 roles of the teacher in Islamic Education
- Teachers were viewed as holy persons.
- Developed students’ personalities using various methods.
- Emphasized character building through role modeling.
Give 4 Educational Implications
Education is sacred as it was Allah himself who educated the first man.
More emphasis on reading and writing.
Education is a continuous process.
Education is not restricted to what went within the school.
